Discourse Cultural Politics of Education

Question: Examine about the Discourse Cultural Politics of Education. Answer: Presentation: ACARA has communicated that an Australian educational plan would be adding to the specification of a world class enlightenment in Australia by setting out the data, liberal and abilities fundamental forever and exertion in the twenty first century and by circumstances in visit elevated expectations of achievement athwart the nation (ACARA, 2013). The accompanying exposition will dissect the method of national curricular structure in Australia. The focal point of the paper will be on the essential and the optional schools in the nation. The Assessment and Reporting Authority creates, plans and surveys the Australian educational plan.. Schools in Australia have been experiencing various stages since the period of colonization in the nation. At the outset time frame, the schools were divided into significant three classes. These are the catholic schools, the administration schools and the private run schools (White, 2014). The divisional classifications of the schools by one way or anot her made a financial class division in the Australian culture. Be that as it may, the significant issues of national educational program in the nation have been relating to the financing. Governments activity to give significant and satisfactory assets in the administration schools have been tremendously discussed. The article is going to cover the whole procedure of curricular structure in all methods of Schools in Australia. Since 2014 the all the kindergartens in the nation have been taken under the national educational program of Australia. In any case, presentation of the national educational plan in Australia has brought up a few issues relating to its credibility since it was not presented in a clear issue (Thomas, 2015). In the year 2014, the Australian Government announced that there would be an autonomous audit on the Australian Curriculum so as to guarantee freedom and ability of the system. Prior, the curricular structure in the nation used to contrast as indicated by the schools and their possession and area. In the year 1962, Goulburn Strike predicted that the scholarly structure of the nation would have been changed and brought under a similar shade (Ditchburn, 2015). Previously, the rise of the twenty first century, the Australian schools were classified into significant three portions relying upon proprietorship and authority-these were the schools run by the Catholic Church, the schools run by the Government and the schools run by the private proprietors. In any case, the majority of the schools looked for government-explicitly open subsidizing. Absence of financing in people in general (government) schools involved poor scholastic foundation and absence of durable examination. In the catho lic schools, the understudies were shown the strict sacred texts more than science and present day social examination (Lynch, 2014). Luckily, Goulburn Strike of 1962 offered route to the development of Australian schools Commission in the nineteen seventies. In the later years, the state funded schools were eased from the issue and pressure of legitimate financing, be that as it may, the subsidizing was just done by the Federal Government while it should be executed by the commonplace governments who could cared more for the government funded schools. With the ultra industrialist outlook of the Commonwealth Government in Australia, the private or other non-government schools got abundant guide and financing while the state funded schools continued experiencing the poor scholarly and curricular office. This was exceptionally condemned by the Australian Labor Party. The commission head Gonski, who audited the contemporary circumstance and suggested financing frameworks for the government funded schools, cared for Reformation in the method of subsidizing in the state funded schools in Australia. Gonski Review suggest ed increment of financing in a heterogeneous manner to the schools. (educationtoday.com.au, 2017) In spite of furthest point in the financing, the schools didn't encounter better learning chance. A few pundits contend that subsidizing doesn't acquire legitimate framework in the schools. It needs instructive and educating reorganization. This idea involved the thought and thought of free learning. As per the constitution, the obligation of the schools in the nation should be carried upon by the state and domain governments. Along these lines, the state and region governments invigilate the guidelines and guideline relating to the school training, financing and organization. Presentation and foundation of the Australian Curriculum in the scholarly organizations has been an amazing activity by the Australian government. It is, no uncertainty, a joint endeavor of all the common and regional forces. Having left from the whole idea of sole financing strategy in the schools, the Australian Curriculum has now underscored upon the outside and inner advancement of the understudies through strong scholastic help from the administration. ACARA has checked on that store was not a definitive method to produce scholastic enthusiasm among the understudies or other more prominent masses. Financing couldn't be the establishment for instruction; rather information was a superior substitute. Consolidation of information, discipline, competency, standard, evaluation and detailing turned into the mainstay of scholastic foundations under this specific activity (Review of the Australian Curriculum, 2017). Australian Curriculum has been planned in various structures: Learning F-2, Learning 3-6 and Learning 7-10. The principle target of the execution of Australian Curriculum was to give a worldwide learning chance to the understudies and construct imaginative instructional method among the educators. There are some disciplinary portions in the learning territories of the national educational plan. It is only a firm amalgamation of information, aptitude and comprehension of cross-edu cational program needs and general capacities (australiancurriculum.edu.au, 2017). The Australian Curriculum profoundly varied from the regular technique for supporting school training. Presently the schools concentrated on securing better educators who could create competency in an understudy. Singular advancement turned into the focal point of the activity. This undertaking diminished the schools from an issue of scholarly separation. Because of verities of educating and assessment strategy, the understudies would experience the ill effects of one state to another state. The idea of one country one educational plan was created so as to discard the complexities in various curricular framework. The national record of Australian Curriculum was composed concentrating on two segments in the Curriculum Development Process v6.0 and the Curriculum Design Paper v3.1. The archives in regards to the advancement of the Australian Curriculum has four significant stages to be specific molding, composing, execution, observing, and assessment. Despite the fact that the legislature stepped up to the plate, it has seen a gigantic mishap in term of execution. The explanation for such lacuna was abrupt change in Government. The new region government shaped a council to survey the current educational plan bearings in a basic manner (aph.gov.au, 2017). It has been encountered that steady motion in the national educational program in Australia has antagonistically influenced the essential and center teachers. Since the significant obligation of instructive renewal lies on the shoulder of the state and regional governments, the vast majority of the local specialists are found to execute their own methodology towards instructive transformation. Improvement of C2C by the University of Queensland is a case of such autonomous undertakings taken by the state governments. The presentation of Australian educational plan in the national scholarly parts of the nation has carried numerous implications with it as it has given numerous chance s to a wide range of partners. Inward partners of the schools, for example, the instructors, the understudies and the managerial staff are coordinated to apply the national educational program in various scholastic and academic levels with the goal that general advancement of the understudies is executed and created through exact examination strategy. The Australian educational plan guarantees that each understudy, regardless of locale will get equivalent scholastic help with comparative schedules and instructing strategy. The educational program follows the instructing and scholarly method of the twenty first century as it expands the extent of information acquisition through e learning and intelligent meetings. One of the best projects started for the vindication of Australian Curriculum is the execution of NAPLAN (The National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy) test. NAPALAN test is set to survey the fundamental qualification of the understudies relating to the learning of language and number. The evaluation aftereffect of NAPLAN prompts the judgment of ones establishment to propel learning (NAPLAN, 2017). In any case, there consistently stays an inquiry with respect to legitimate usage of the proposed structure of the evaluation and the appraisal survey. Regardless of whether the understudies are really judged, whether relevant advancement programs are framed are consistently in question. Since educators are the best power in the study hall in giving better educational plan chances to the understudies, the administering authority needs to affirm penny percent contribution of the showing resources in tolerating mechanical headways inside the homerooms. Here falsehoods the issue of lacuna between mechanical execution and acknowledgment in the study halls. The majority old fashioned educators are found to dismiss the usage of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Such dismissal of innovation in the study halls, particularly in the lesser and center schools frequently makes an immense hole between the goal of Australian Curriculum and its training. The accompanying outline shows various components of the Australian Curriculum. Australian Curriculum has been framed so as to meet understudy assorted variety. Remaining on the twenty first c

War On Drugs Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

War On Drugs Essay, Research Paper The Wonderful War on Drugs The Wonderful War On Drugs In late mature ages the asserted? war on drugs? has assumed control over the roads and back avenues of rural America. It has caused an occupation that reflects the forbiddance yearss of the 1920? s and mid 30? s. Government officials looking to play? intense feline, ? are just loaning to more power. Their Torahs have made a subterranean medication exchange, in which present day street pharmacists have taken the topographic purpose of the moonshiners of old. The existent request is whether or non this? war? is working. The vast majority would wish to accept that it is, and there are a couple of measurements that show it has. Be that as it may, simply observe any knowledge plan, and you will see this war has bombed wretchedly. Medication related offenses go on perpetually in today? s society, and in ongoing mature ages have included expanding Numberss of guiltless pass rules. We will compose a custom paper test on War On Drugs Essay Research Paper The or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Day by day, constabulary officials face merciless merchants, who might rather hit at a bull than burn through 25 mature ages in jail. On all that, there has been no existent relevant proof of a reduction in medicate utilization among individuals in America. Is this? war? genuinely the best answer to America? s across the board sedate occupation? Should the specialists be permitted to pass one million millions yearly fighting this sad war? Taking a gander at this data you start to perceive that, non simply does this? war? influence each person in the U.S. , however it is other than a war without any victors. War is neer sensibly, and the war on drugs is no avoidance. For this? war? to work it must stop sedates in at any rate one of three nations. Either by ending drugs at the limit line, stopping drug merchants at spot, or preventing drug use inside the state. Military and law implementation has neglected to bring through any of these, and it is non as a result of constrained finances s. ? Last twelvemonth area and government authoritiess spent $ 30 billion or more on the contention against drugs? ( Anony71 ) . This ugly payment hasn? T made a mark in the cutting edge medicate exchange. Government officials are trying to approach the activity with flexibly side financial sciences. You attempt to blockade the flexibly to constrain the expense of troublesome medications up, estimating most clients out of the market. It has non worked. ? Cocaine and diacetylmorphine financial qualities have fallen enormously since the mid 80? s, while quality and immaculateness will in general be lifting in these medications? ( Anony71 ) . The measurements sing drug ban at the limit line have demonstrated stopping drugs at the limit line is a costly disappointment. Joseph McNamara state? s? the specialists gauges that they hold onto just 10 % of the medications going over the limit line? ( 537 ) . Stoping the brokers inside our ain limit lines hasn? T demonstrated a simple endeavor either. With constabulary going after progressively basic clients merchants are compelled to compete all the more viciously for less customers. Specialists in Detroit are expressing that they? re? seeing less overdoses, however more medication related shots, stabbings, and attacks as dealers battle among themselves? ( Torr39 ) . No existent reducing in medicate utilization among residents has been viewed as a result of constabulary activity at any rate. Expanding Numberss of teenagers are going to an existence of medications in America. ? Maryjane use among youngsters has multiplied in the last three mature ages? , while at a similar clasp? Americans are passing $ 20 billion yearly on medicate related clinical expenses? ( McCaffery4 ) . For this chiropteran tle to be battled, it must be demonstrated as a reason worth fighting for. Fencing off the full state, and swarming peaceful miscreants in as of now stuffed jails is non a savvy way for this contention to be won. On the off chance that you look carefully it is obvious to see that disallowance has non worked in the days gone by, and will most strongly non work in the great beyond. Should the specialists really be permitted to indict peaceful miscreants for consensual offenses submitted in their ain spot? You may hold heard the expressing? history ever rehashes itself, ? does America non recover what the aftereffect of intoxicant disallowance was. The prohibiting of any controlled substance will simply pass on ascend to increasingly fierce criminal ready to risk life and appendage for high total compensations. By taking medications unlawful, they are other than doing drug fiscal qualities soar. As Weir puts it? the War on Drugs makes opiates a 100 times increasingly costly, than if the y somehow managed to be bought legitimately? ( 160 ) . This expansion in financial worth makes no-nonsense clients execute offenses all the more regularly to back up their wont. It other than expands incitement for the individuals who are make bolding bounty to cover and pirate illicit medications. Another result of restriction is all the more no-nonsense utilization, or pigging out on the illicit substance. Weir other than includes? as structures from forbiddance appear, doing a substance illicit simply outcomes in an adjustment from consistent, moderate ingestion to pig out? ( 160 ) . Disallowance Torahs of the 1920? s only realized a colossal, mafia controlled industry for intoxicant, while making nil to hinder assimilating among residents. Making something unlawful only makes a forbidden, which individuals will hinder just in light of the fact that they know its erroneous. By forbiding drugs more individuals are probably going to try as a way of emerging against the framework. A few people will state you that the War on Drugs has been an extraordinary achievement, wear? t permit them gull you. Practically week by week an athleticss star, film star, specialists functionary, or praised instrumentalist is uncovered for sedate use. Travel to the movies, twist on the broadcasting or remote, and you will see drugs are each piece a lot of a segment of the American culture as baseball and crusty fruit-filled treat. Indeed, even Bill Clinton and Newt Gingrich have confessed to trying different things with marihuanas. With sedate maltreaters mounting higher on the positions of society every day, it only makes for a progressively bribable framework. No issue what amount is spent on advertisements and bar runs the medication employment will neer be illuminated with forbiddance. Teenagers simply consider hostile to be ads as a way for the specialists to state them what to make. On the off chance that the specialists trusts it is winning the war on drugs, so where is th e troublesome pertinent proof? The medication work has only grown-up more regrettable in the 90? s. This war must be halted in a split second. Each twelvemonth increasingly more income upgrade cash is squandered, with little or no outcomes. I accept an administration controlled authorization of medications is the solitary arrangement. Medications would never again be viewed as a way for teenagers to emerge against approval figures. The illicit medication exchange that controls today? s avenues would be non-existent. A consistent lessening in bondages would be seen, and vicious medication related would go down other than. Let us set a terminal to America? s second kind of denial. Let us set a terminal to the? War on Drugs? . Book reference crackhead times.

Demystifying Entrepreneurship How to Think Like an Entrepreneur

Demystifying Entrepreneurship How to Think Like an Entrepreneur People normally think that entrepreneurs live a glamorous life. Living on your own terms, setting your own schedule, and creating your own rules is definitely alluring.In fact, leadership and entrepreneurship are all the rage in the modern business world.Gone are the days when everyone wanted to join big corporations after graduation. Nowadays, the definition of success is to be an entrepreneur.People also consider everyone who launches a business as an entrepreneur.This goes to the extent that you are a business leader and entrepreneur even if you have just launched a new blog.Entrepreneurship has supposedly become a way of life when the opposite is clearly true. Becoming an entrepreneur means you will be on the eternal roller coaster ride no matter you succeed or fail. The experience is nauseating most of the time rather than pleasant.Alex Becker, the founder of Market Hero lists the reasons why so many entrepreneurs fail in this YouTube video. The prevailing idea of entrepreneursh ip is ambiguous and imprecise. In total contrast to the general perception, entrepreneurship is about your actions and decisions rather than your position in the company.If you are an entrepreneur, then you are not a business manager.Of course, you have to take care of your business, but you can delegate most of your duties to your staff.All you have to do is to worry about their welfare and well being.THE REAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP?It is true that entrepreneurs are the ones who start new businesses and open companies.The basic definition of entrepreneurship states that it is the process of creating and improving the business, attracting new customers and getting revenue and profit.However, this definition is very restrictive, to say the least.Nowadays, entrepreneurs tend to be social workers as well. They strive hard to help the world get rid of all the problems it is struggling with.They try to accomplish the task by initiating a life-changing process, introducing an innovative product or introducing a social change.Watch this video to know what real entrepreneurship looks like. Entrepreneurship is no longer merely about launching a business. It is about living an independent life and building a satisfying and happy career for yourself.There is no one to hold you back.In this type of life and profession, there is no boss and there is no schedule. You also have to play a pivotal role in bringing happiness and prosperity to the poor and needy throughout the world.The following chart taken from Global Entrepreneurship Index 2018 explains how entrepreneurs improve people’s lives and economies by globally sharing ideas, improving efficiency by creating new technologies, finding new solutions to the problems and creating new jobs. Source: thegedi.orgTHE DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIPThe Merriam Webster Dictionary describes an entrepreneur as one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise or, a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in order to make money.Note that both definitions have words like business and risk in common. It means you only become an entrepreneur when you negotiate risks and set up a fully functional and profitable company.The biggest reason everyone wants to become an entrepreneur today is the media hype. Media presents entrepreneurship as the only remedy for your financial problems.Then there are numerous memes about the corporations being the evil entities and that you will not make any progress in life if you work for someone else.As a result, people tend to start their own business instead of looking for jobs.Dan Lok presents the “true definition of entrepreneurship” in the following video. A sizable population of the world is unemplo yed or underemployed.To exacerbate the problem, they try to find even more creative ways of concealing this very fact, instead of finding a good job and building a career for themselves.During all this time, they wrongly believe it is alright to be unemployed because they are entrepreneurs building their online presence, enhance their brand and other such crap.It may sound a little disappointing, but you need to understand that entrepreneurship and leadership are not full-time jobs.You are unemployed until you have a real business,   real expertise, real risks, real products and a real chance of having a good return on investment.If you do not have these things, you are not working, but simply wasting your time. Most importantly, you are not an entrepreneur.Mark Zuckerberg is an entrepreneur because he has a real business, real investors, real employees, and a world-famous product.Same is the case with people like Evan Spiegel and John Mackey, who are the CEOs of Snapchat and Whole Foods respectively. In this particular case, entrepreneurship is also their full-time job.Evan Spiegel co-founded one of the most popular mobile apps in history. Snapchat attracted millions of extremely engaged people as soon as it was launched.In fact, the very idea of the ephemeral application raised more than half a billion dollars in venture funding.John Mackey started Whole Foods because he was crazy about healthy foods. He was passionate about living a healthy and active life. But, there are thousands of other food companies in the world.What separates Whole Foods from the rest is how Mackey manages his business. He has a unique way of serving all of the stakeholders.He introduced a new and better way of doing business to the world and thus, he has every right to be called as an entrepreneur.There is an endless list of true entrepreneurs, but you have probably already got the idea. All these people have started real businesses with real products and real services.They have rea l companies which have deep roots in the country or societies they serve.The stress here is on the word “real.” Therefore, if you want to be an entrepreneur, you must offer something real to the world. It can be a product which solves your customers long-lasting problem. Try to raise enough capital to create a new product.Market your product and win as many customers as possible. Keep working diligently and one day you will be an entrepreneur because you took the risk, opened a company and earned a profit from it.WHAT DOES AN ENTREPRENEUR DO?We have already discussed a number of characteristics a true entrepreneur must possess. But, what exactly a person who calls himself an entrepreneur does or should do?According to Drew Downs, the co-founder of Nuvango:An entrepreneur is someone who prefers a life of boundless uncertainty to that of predictability and chooses to bet on themselves before anyone else.Similarly, Yoav Schwartz, the co-founder of Uberflip states that:Entrepreneur is someone who seeks to make a change either to an industry, or the world. Theyre willing to take on financial risk, always choosing growth over profit, and are optimistic to a fault. Theres never been a lower barrier to entry you dont need a Computer Science degree to launch a web-based product or service. So to be a successful entrepreneur today boils down almost entirely to execution and perseverance.The recurring themes in the above statements are value creation, rebellion, and risk. You cannot qualify as an entrepreneur unless you have the courage to rebel against the norms.You must also be ready to lose some or all of the money you invested in your new venture.Similarly, your ultimate goal should be the general growth of your business and the welfare of the masses instead of profit.Most importantly, you do not need to be highly qualified to become an entrepreneur. There are no minimum requirements as well.If you have the will and stamina, you can start from scratch and still succeed as a business leader.The following video explains 15 aspects of effective entrepreneurship. THE ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSETSo far we have learned that you need a real company with real customers to be an entrepreneur.There is another aspect of entrepreneurship, which people tend to ignore.It is called the entrepreneurial mindset. It is how you think about a specific thing or problem. It can be rightly said that entrepreneurs have their own unique style to approach things and take on challenges.Entrepreneurship has evolved quite a bit over the last two to three decades. Currently, it is more about how you do it instead of what you do.Nowadays, people tend to get to the basics of entrepreneurship to better understand the concept. In fact, the new approach towards entrepreneurship has given rise to a new culture of research, scholarship and study around it.It has become even more important for business owners to think like an entrepreneur if they want to succeed. Furthermore, it w ill also help you understand what the entrepreneurial mindset is and how you can apply it to your own business or company.Business experts, after years of research, have been able to break down entrepreneurship into several different but equally important parts.These parts correspond to how entrepreneurs think and approach problems.It is pertinent to mention that these components are very subjective and elastic. They are not rigid but allow flexibility and independent thinking about how to tackle things.Similarly, an entrepreneur does not need to possess all the “necessary traits”.After all, different people have different strengths and weaknesses like everything else and entrepreneurs are no exception.The only thing that matters is how you apply your concepts while managing your business.WHY DO PEOPLE BECOME ENTREPRENEURS?Before we actually talk about how you can think like an entrepreneur and what are some of the entrepreneurial capacities, it is necessary to discuss why you w ould you like to become an entrepreneur in the first place.Why don’t you just do a regular job in a good company and build your career just like everybody else? Why do you want to rebel against the system? What do you want to achieve from entrepreneurship?Watch the video to learn how you can become an entrepreneur in the modern age. There is no doubt that entrepreneurship is very alluring. It is evident from the fact that there are millions of active entrepreneurs across the world many of which are females.Each one of them has his own reason why he chose entrepreneurship over a 9-5 job.No matter what their reasons are, they decided to live an independent life on their own terms. Here are some of the most important reasons why you would want to become an entrepreneur.The entrepreneurial ecosystem has attracted a large number of people in recent years as shown by the following infographic. Source: entrepreneur.comTo Change the WorldSome people choose this path for the sole purpose of serving humanity. They want to dedicate their lives to helping underprivileged people.They strive to build a brand which serves others.The motive behind launching the brand can be anything such as space exploration (Elon Musk is an example), creating a product which transforms the lives of people in poor countries and eliminating poverty.Some people start a business just for the sake of raising more money for their noble causes. The only goal of social entrepreneurs is to improve the lives of others through their companies or ventures.They Do Not Want a BossWell, this is the most obvious reason to become an entrepreneur. People with entrepreneurial tendencies don’t feel easy working for someone else, especially their bosses.They feel that a 9-5 job as well as their boss hold them back and restrict their performance. They believe the only way to realize their full potential is to work ind ependently.Some even believe they have a better and more effective way of doing things. Others opine that bosses limit their creative flair.Ultimately, they resort to opening their own businesses and to work according to their own schedule and conditions.They Want Flexible HoursEntrepreneurship is particularly popular among people who hate rigid working hours such as a 9-5 job.Many people with physical disabilities enjoy entrepreneurship because it allows them to work whenever and wherever they want.Similarly, more and more young parents are taking an interest in entrepreneurship. It enables them to take better care of their children without feeling guilty for it.Many full-time students do not want to put the extra burden on their parents and start a part-time business to bear their study and living expenditures.They Like to Take RisksEntrepreneurship and risk-taking go hand in hand. For instance, Entrepreneurs hate applying for jobs. Instead, they take risks, start a new business a nd offer jobs to others. Business is always risky because it involves financial risks and other risks.Sometimes They Cannot Get a JobSometimes, people launch their own business because they cannot get a job anywhere.Any kind of criminal record, lack of experience and having been fired from a job are some of the reasons why you may find it difficult to land a new job.However, these dire circumstances cannot deter or discourage a true entrepreneur. He creates new opportunities for himself instead of being overwhelmed by the situation.For instance, a fresh graduate with a low GPA can start a new online store to enhance his experience and improve his resume. A parent who has recently been laid off can also start a new business to keep earning a livelihood for his family.Take a look at the following chart to find the percentage of people who started their own business because they were fearing unemployment or they were actually fired from their jobs. The chart has been taken from an arti cle, published on https://foundr.com. Source: foundr.comThey are not Compatible with Corporate EnvironmentsEntrepreneurs never like working in corporate environments and for good reasons. Corporations normally tend to suppress the growth of an individual instead of encouraging it.Entrepreneurs want to have more control over their role and policy-making which corporations hesitate to provide.They are AmbitiousEntrepreneurs like to take on new challenges. They happen to be industrious and leave no stone unturned to reach difficult goals and milestones. They work day and night to achieve the highest level of success as the sky is the limit for them.In fact, some of them never stop growing and achieve much more than they originally dreamed of. They somehow overcome all the hurdles which come in their way. In simple words, they are unstoppable.HOW TO THINK LIKE AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP?The following are some of the most important components of the entrepreneurial mindset.Do Not Hesitate to Take RisksYou may already be familiar wit h the phrase, more risk, more reward. The willingness to take more risks distinguishes real entrepreneurs from the false ones.It is never easy to resign from your job or start a new business. However, you must give it a try and that is what true leaders do.And, if the risk pays off, you will reap greater rewards. Remember that the road to success is long, tortuous, and perilous.But, once you get to your destination, you will be grateful that you took that road.Do Not Take Failures to the HeartFailure is part and parcel of your life. Even some of the greatest entrepreneurs in the world failed miserably at the start. You should not take failures seriously.Most importantly, they should not deter you from trying. Donald Trump (you are free to disagree with his politics) is one such entrepreneur.The man has gone through problems like huge personal debt, bankruptcy and some ideas which failed horribly such as the Trump Shuttle. He did not lose heart and today, he is worth approximately 4 billion dollars.You must take failure as an opportunity, not a loss or weakness. Never give up, learn from your mistakes and quickly get back to your feet.There are No LimitsBoundlessness and limitlessness are some of the words you can associate with entrepreneurship. Average people are conditioned to go to school and then to their day jobs and they content with it.Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, never rest on their laurels. They constantly expand their repertoire and always dream big. You have to pay a heavy price for dreaming big that is you have to work really hard, but it is worth it in the end.Get PassionateEntrepreneurs are very passionate about whatever they do which also enables them to achieve the success they wanted when they started.Therefore, if you spend your days dreaming of what would you like to do in the years to come, think about how you can stimulate your career and attain your goals as well?Try to figure out better ways of utilizing your resources, experience, and skills. How you can use them to change your life? Can you make a successful move to the industry or career you are passionate about?Self-RelianceSelf-reliance is the key to success in todays business environment.It is imperative for you to build a business which can provide you with financial freedom. After all, you cannot survive solely on your meager salary for long.Even if you are doing a regular job, there is nothing wrong in starting a side business, no matter how small it is. It will give you a little more control over your finances.Secondly, it will be a good start if you ever decide to leave your job. At least, you will not have to take on lesser jobs because you will already have a steady source of income to fall back upon.Stay PresentThe world is changing at a rapid pace. It has become increasingly important for you to stay present by conditioning yourselves to the changes happening all around you.It is the era in which you have to constantly review your lifestyle, die t, and living situation and of course, occupation to control life instead of life controlling us.A vast majority of people are very nostalgic about their lives, not way back in the   1950s or the 1960s, but even in the 1990s when life seemed to be too simple and stable. Nowadays, everything, including the business is changing at an alarming rate.You hear about new business techniques and technologies coming to market every other day. It is probably a foolish idea to keep track of all these changes and technologies.However, it is important to regularly evaluate how all these developments are affecting your life and business in general and make necessary adjustments.Stay FocusedYou would waste time on unnecessary activities if you are not focused. Lack of concentration will not only slow you down, but it will also result in a waste of precious resources and energy.It will also make it difficult for you to attain your real goals. True business leaders always remain focused on their goa ls and objectives. They know where they want to be after a certain period of time and how they will get there.Recognize New OpportunitiesEntrepreneurs have an uncanny ability to recognize and seize new opportunities. That is exactly what people like Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Jeff Bezos have done.Real leaders learn from the experiences of others, develop an advanced sense of identifying opportunities and make life better for themselves and others.Creativity and InnovationPeople who launch successful businesses are some of the most creative and innovative people you would ever meet.Their products and services are not run of the mill but tend to solve the problems of people in a more creative and unique way.They take on an existing challenge and solve it by applying unconventional tools and techniques.They Develop a Positive MindsetEntrepreneurs see themselves as successful persons.They pay no heed to the problems and hurdles which come in their way and always find a way around them instead of wailing about the lack of chances and blaming others for their poor circumstances.They keep on moving forward despite all the difficulties. They have the courage to embrace the unknown and take the risks which heavily contribute to their success.CONCLUSIONThe concept of entrepreneurship is continuously changing and evolving.It is not enough to simply start a new business to qualify as an entrepreneur. You and your business need to have a positive impact on the sizeable portion of society you are operating in.Similarly, you need to develop most of the characteristics which are common among some of the most successful modern entrepreneurs. Only then, you can be called as a true entrepreneur.

Human Trafficking- The Escalating Global Violation of...

Human Trafficking- The Escalating Global Violation of Human Rights Human Trafficking is a serious Global matter that violates a multitude of the Human Rights articles outline in The Universal Declarations of Human Rights. Thousands of individuals are subjects of Human Trafficking every year; the perpetrators of this crime do not discriminate, targeting men, women, the young and the old all over the world. Human Trafficking is indeed a Global issue, occurring in nearly every country on the planet. Not only does this heinous crime include sexual exploitation and forced labour, it is also a large contributor to the transnational organized crime epidemic. Although there are already measures put in place to put a stop to this issue it is†¦show more content†¦This modern age of slavery is prevalent in most areas of the world and blatantly defies many of the articles stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In particular, the first five articles from this declaration are violated. These are: Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5. 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They tried, with limited success, to deal with diminished economic growth and continued social and labor demands. When military governments failed to revive the economy and suppress escalating terrorism in the late 1960s and early 1970s,Read MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 Pagescollar crime in detail. To study the impact of white collar crime from Indian perspectives. To study the impact of white collar crime on Indian economy and its its affect on development activities. Abstract White collar criminality has become a global phenomenon with the advance of commerce and technology like any other country; India is equally in the grip of white collar criminality. White collar crime in India is flourishing every day in new forms. The Problem if white collar crime is very

The Historical Period Of Chinese Art Essay - 2099 Words

The 20th century is a historical period for Chinese art history. It is the time period where China was ruled by Mao Zedong (1942-1976) and Propaganda Art was introduced. Propaganda art is not just a fine art. It is an information transmission art that contains clear meaning, and the most popular political vehicle for propaganda in the 20th century of China. Propaganda art must have considerable artistic appeal to mobilize image, color, composition, form and other factors to form a strong visual effect. Its screen often has a strong visual center, unique artistic style and design characteristic. However, during that time, the public did not have awareness of collecting art work. Thus, little Propaganda art still exists today even though many of the propaganda posters were reprinted over and over, and pasted in various streets during that time. Propaganda art played an important role in the spiritual and cultural life of the Chinese people. As propaganda art has a special social status during the Revolutionary War and Socialist Construction period of China, it has attracted many successful artists to engage in the creation of posters. This resulted in different forms of propaganda art being produced. As a result, propaganda art had become an indispensable form of Chinese artistic creation in the 20th century. From the artistic point of view, there are numerous different types of propaganda art during the different time periods. The main forms of propaganda art are woodcuts,Show MoreRelatedThe Fate Of Peking Opera Essay835 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is art and what is politics? Art is a range of human activities that express their emotions and culture though a visual way such as painting and performing. Politics refer to some decisions made by government in order to achieve governance. (Wikipedia) For Farewell My Concubine, Peking Opera is the most obvious representative of art. 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Ssm is a qualitative methodology Free Essays

Introduction Soft Systems Methodology Definition Soft systems methodological analysis ( SSM ) is a systemic attack for covering with real-world job state of affairss. Peter Checkland and his co-workers developed soft systems methodological analysis from system theory at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom. SSM is a qualitative methodological analysis and was developed utilizing action research so that it is besides treated as a theoretical methodological analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Ssm is a qualitative methodology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bosom of SSM is a comparing between the universe as it is, and some theoretical accounts of the universe as it might be.Out of this comparing originate a better apprehension of the universe ( â€Å"research† ) , and some thoughts for betterment ( â€Å"action† ) . ( See Figure 1 ) Use of SSM Initially, the systems can be divided into two facets: proficient and human activity systems. However, human activity systems are much harder to pattern. The people ‘s place, people ‘s action and their relationship are involved. Therefore, it is more complex and mutable. Soft Systems Methodology places an accent on human activity systems. Furthermore, SSM is peculiarly used at the analysis phase of developing information systems. It is non a methodological analysis to cover all phases of the systems development life rhythm ( SDLC ) . However, SSM is extraordinary good at elaborating political and soft, people-oriented issues. Furthermore, it refers to job state of affairs instead than jobs. lAny composite, organisational, ill-structured, fuzzed, soft, and dynamic job state of affairs The 7-Step Description 1 The job state of affairs: unstructured The purpose of first measure is to understand the job state of affairs and addition as many different positions as possible. 2The job state of affairs: expressed Then is this phase, the research worker produces a elaborate presentation, a â€Å"rich picture† , of the state of affairs. Rich pictures show stakeholders, their duty, cardinal interactions, struggles, political issues and concerns. This measure is frequently done graphically. 3Root definitions of relevant systems After that, the root definitions of relevant systems are identified. Root definitions are intended to depict both political and personal premises. The root definition is frequently produced by CATWOE checklist in order to do certain all of import points are included. Client ( people who affected by the system ) Actor ( people who convert inputs to end products ) Transformation ( the alterations that take topographic point ) Weltanschauung ( the relevant universe position or premises ) Owner ( people who has the power ) Environment ( the wider system or restraints ) 4Building conceptual theoretical accounts This measure is to pull conceptual theoretical accounts utilizing the root definition. A conceptual theoretical account exhibits the activities of the systems that represented in the root definition. 5Comparing conceptual theoretical accounts with world Compare and contrast the conceptual theoretical account with the rich image is considered in this measure. The purpose of is to look into the apprehension is right and whether the conceptual theoretical account can dress the job struggles. 6Assess whether the alterations are executable and desirable After comparing, suggested alterations are identified and evaluated.Those alterations can probably to change in desirableness and feasibleness: Desirability: Does it better technically? Feasible: Does it suit the civilization? 7Action to better the job state of affairs The recommendation will set into pattern. Analysis the Case Background Births, deceases and matrimonies ( BDM ) in Salford Council has a long history. BDM office provides services such as registry a birth, decease or matrimony certifications, and aid with following household braid. As the services are more and more popular, the Salford Online Archive and Retrieval system ( SOLAR ) is introduced. Current Existing Problem BDM staff reported trouble in covering with the clients during peek times. Long waiting lines developed at the response desk and the other service centres during popular times. Conflicts between the clients and staff happened. The contrasting demands of two different clients groups are hard to manage at the same time. Reasons why SSM is Appropriate There are five major grounds why SSM is appropriate. First of wholly, the jobs of BDM office are decidedly organisational, ill-structured jobs. Soft Systems Methodology focuses on the human activities systems. And it is good at clear uping political and soft, people-oriented issues. After that, there are many different positions of the systems their demand in BDM state of affairss. SSM is besides such a methodological analysis that can cover with complex organisational and political job state of affairss where those involved lack a common understanding good. Additionally, the assorted facets of the jobs are extremely interrelated in the state of affairs of BDM. So if alteration one facet is likely to hold a enormous impact on other facets. As a systemic methodological analysis, SSM is helpful to develop such a moderately holistically understanding of the correlativities of the assorted facets of the job state of affairs. Furthermore, the intent of SSM is to transport out betterments in a state of affairs perceived as debatable. Meanwhile, SSM does non try to work out ‘the job ‘ but to ease a acquisition procedure which allows its users to bit by bit develop a more comprehensive apprehension of the state of affairs under survey. As a consequence, stakeholders are more likely to make understandings about what alterations in the state of affairs the involved parties can populate with. Finally, SSM uses a set of specific techniques and strict tools to see a â€Å"messy† job. Techniques contains†¦ †¦ Application of SSM Phase 1 and 2 In order to develop rich image of this instance, it is critical to derive as many different positions as possible.The stakeholders consist of clients, BDM Office staff, directors of the BDM Office, the possible spouses and the advisers of Salford City council. Client: We want to bask quality service and support. BDM Office staff: We were enthusiastic about the proviso of the call Centre services because it could liberate up the specializer resources, cut downing force per unit area and assisting to cut down the waiting clip for clients. Directors: We concerned on the current bing jobs and we can merely work out these jobs every bit shortly as possible. Potential spouses: We are interested in the proposals made by advisers which can do the populace services to be organized. Advisers: We concerned on more incorporate attack for future service development which can do the public service organized. Phase 3 After set uping rich image, root definitions of two relevant systems in phase 3 should be considered. The well-known CATWOE checklist will be used to place cardinal elements of the root definition. Phase 4 Once the root definitions have been established, conceptual theoretical accounts that describe the activities should be conducted at phase 4. Therefore, the root definition of clients will be used to develop the conceptual theoretical account. Phase 5 How to cite Ssm is a qualitative methodology, Essay examples

Collaborative Enterprise Architecture

Question: Discuss how you can automate an existing company as well as revamp its information technology (IT) infrastructure. Identify positive and negative aspects of the selected model in relation to the operational health of an organization.? Answer: Enterprise Architecture EA or Enterprise Architecture is a discipline that holistically and proactively lead responses of an enterprise to various disruptive forces through identification and analysis of required changes in execution and desired business values. Business values are delivered by EA through business process and IT based recommendations on adjustments of projects and policies for achieving the business targets that can be capitalized in relation to relevant business disruptions. Hence, EA is used for business decision making in order to evaluate future status of the enterprise architecture. (Ross, Weill, Robertson, 2013) Benefits from enterprise architecture can be described as better, faster and cheaper or BFC. But these benefits are based on some investment on enterprise architecture of an organization, its cultural and organizational structure. Agile modeling for EA helps in maximizing the return on investment of the stakeholders. It also strives for maximal benefits. (Bloomberg, 2013) Agile Enterprise Architectural Model Agile enterprise architecture model is service oriented model. It helps the people of an organization in realizing their jobs for helping project teams towards success. Corporate vision is evolved and defined by the senior stakeholders of an organization. The focus on this EA model is more on the people of the organization rather that the technology part. In case of the agile model, it needs to introduce the techniques of agile architecture into an organization slowly and grow the strategy with time. It helps in achieving steady success and learning process. However, agile enterprise architecture help a business to have agility and achieving this agility by using different information technology tools and services. Information technology tools and services help in building the agile enterprise architecture to build up quickly and efficiently.(Cretu, 2014) Agile enterprise architecture is based on the concept of just in time. Under this model of EA, user stories are developed only when those are needed, not before or after. Those are released when it is possible to have its appropriate value. Each iteration of project development has some definite value to meet by the EA team. It offers just enough EA through the followings, Offers marketing style campaigns that focuses on the EA initiatives. It describes and gathers all requires information for satisfying the goal of such campaign. Project teams develop an EA model that will be valid for the entire project. Collaboration is a key in agile EA. In each iteration planning is done for the iteration only for achieving the goal of that particular iteration. Just enough does not conflicts with consistency of the EA model. One of the great advantage. The BFC benefits of Agile EA are, (Bente, Bombosch, Langade, 2012) It helps agile teams in delivering better quality solutions for the stakeholders through offering a eco system that is more reliable. It helps agile terms in delivering solutions faster to the market. This is possible by utilizing the concepts of reusability and improvement of the quality of underlying infrastructure. It helps agile teams in delivering low cost but high quality solution. This is possible due to consistent platform, better quality and reusability. On the downside, agile EA is not still widely accepted and not adapted by many enterprises. References: Bente, S., Bombosch, U., Langade, S. (2012). Collaborative Enterprise Architecture. Newnes. Bloomberg, J. (2013). The Agile Architecture Revolution. John Wiley Sons. Cretu, L. G. (2014). Designing Enterprise Architecture Frameworks. CRC Press. Ross, J. W., Weill, P., Robertson, D. (2013). Enterprise Architecture As Strategy. Harvard Business Press.

Terminator and the Matrix Essay Example

Terminator and the Matrix Essay Example Terminator and the Matrix Essay Terminator and the Matrix Essay The dictionary term for stereotyping is a fixed image or idea of a type of person or thing that is widely held. Stereotyping was very popular towards women before the 1980s. This was called sexism. Women were treated very badly for instance there was talk of a glass ceiling, this was a term used to describe how women were prevented to reach top positions. Stereotyping can be used in a number of ways. One way was in films, such as Legally Blond and Miss Congeniality. The act of stereotyping in the film Legally Blond is when a woman is portrayed as a Barbie doll. Then takes advantage of her looks and uses it to get what she wants. Soon after she was finally, respected or her brain than her choice of style. However Miss Congeniality is known for a different and unexpected type of stereotyping. This time the main character was shown quite manly. Subsequently she went through a process of becoming very feminine. Those films prove that it might be difficult but woman can do practically anything that men can do. In both films the Terminator and the Matrix stereotyping has been used frequently and very blatantly. For instance in the film Terminator, Sarah Connor is represented as a typical girlish woman. This is revealed the audience when her only outfits are mostly pink. In contrast to Sarah, Trinity has been represented stereotypically as well, however in the complete opposite of Sarah Connor. For example she has been shown very manly and heroic, this through the CGI which makes trinity perform special powers. Also the choice of Trinitys name is ironic because it is quite feminine, which would be given to someone who is very womanly. Whereas at the, beginning of the film Trinity comes across as a dark and mysterious person. This is given away in different aspects of he the film such as in the intro the soundtrack is very tense and wiry. The director also made the music fast and high tuned during the chase scene between Trinity and Mr Smith. This emphasises the fact that there is action going on. The effect of this can let the viewers really feel and imagine what Trinity is thinking and doing. Following a different area of the film the lighting reveals a lot about Trinitys personality. When introducing the film it is very dark and spooky with a few spot lights from the policemens torches. This achieves the introduction of Trinity to be very dark and tense. It also gives the setting a very scary atmosphere; this edges the reader to anticipate what, might happen next. The lighting, as well, is very dim in the first shot of her. This shows Trinity to be androgynous; it creates a sense of mystery to what sex she is. And as it changes to a close up shot of Trinity confirms that she is a woman. It also reveals in that scene that she is calm and in control, even though there was many police men with guns right behind her. However she still seems to be androgynous through her choice of costume and make up. For instance in a shot of Trinity she is wearing a P.V.C, black cat suit which represents her strength and power. This is also expressed from the bold, strong colour of her black clothes. Even when she goes out, other than wearing a dress, she still dresses down by wearing the same colours and no jewellery. This gives the audience an impression of how mature, independent and strong she is. She is, coincidently as the men around her, this shows the director wanted to present that Trinity is no different to any one else. Her natural use of make-up portrays her as a man, such as the way she always has her hair tied back even in a club. This explains to us that she doesnt look like shes trying to impress or attract any one. I think the director did this whole plain look of Trinity to make people see how different women have different qualities. The special effects used in the Matrix lets Trinity seem very heroic. This done through CGI, computer generate imagery. One example of this is when she could jump a long distance, from one building to another. The CGI used in this is demonstrating that gravity has no effect on trinity. Whereas the police men chasing after her didnt even try to imitate trinity because they knew it was impossible. This proves that Trinity has the ability to do skills that men cant do, let alone skills that are ridiculously not possible to humans. Therefore she is superhuman. For instance Trinity uses her own powers instead of using and relying on guns, which is a contrast to the policemen. This gives the viewers an impression that women can be stronger than men. Another way that showed Trinity to be heroic is when Trinity manages to get out of a situation when she was about to give up. By persuading and forcing her to overcome her fear and carry on. This will most likely inspire women all over the worl d to be just like her. On the other hand Sarah is a complete different character to Trinity. This time, Sarah has been shown different in ways that are quite sexiest. Starting of with the soundtrack, this was very gentle in the introduction of Sarah Connor. I think the director did this so that Sarah can come across very innocent and sweet almost like a child. However as the viewer gets into the film the music changes into heart beat sound while Sarah walks outside by herself at night. This gives a tense atmosphere and makes you feel as if something is going to happen. We also get the sense that Sarah feels the same, thats why she went into a night club. Coincidently it has a lot of people in it. The atmosphere in the club was very jumpy. It had fast music and flashing lights which reveals how desperate Sarah might have felt. The fact that she has to go to a club shows she doesnt have enough confidence and the ability to defend herself. Therefore she is exposed to be a helpless victim. However she also sho ws some intelligence because Sarah probably knew that whoevers behind her has a less chance of capturing her in a crowed place. I think the director used the lighting to make Sarah seem even more ladylike. For instance, in one scene as she goes to work the lighting is very bright and sunny. Also the music almost sounds like s harmony. This emphasises Sarahs feminist side. The directors decision of clothing is very such as in her job, the colours used in Sarahs outfits are very feminine. She constantly wears pink for instance the first shot of her is in a soft pink jacket. This gives the impression of Sarah gentle, calm and soft. Her uniform is quite skimpy and pink as well, which is not a unisex colour therefore the job of waiting in a fast food restaurant was often only meant for women also that Sarah doesnt mind. Finally her nightgown has cartoon characters, of the Jetsons, on it. This tells us that she is immature and childlike. Plus she uses a lot of make-up. I know this from a scene where he adds on more make-up no top of the make-up she already has on just because she is going out. The whole image of he was down so that she portrayed as a dome blond. Since this was made in the 1980s I think women were preceded that way. I n Sarahs case no special effects were used this demonstrate that she is ordinary, normal and just like us. However there were different ways in showing what Sarah is like. In the scene where Sarah is in a night club she tries to call someone. I suppose the phone symbolises how scared she is and how frantic she is for help. Also the scene before she goes to work she talks to a statue, this stresses the point that she is very juvenile and babyish. If we compare the two we find out that they both conflict each other. And they both represent their character in different ways, for instance Trinity is shown to be very independent and strong. Such as in a scene a police man is being patronises towards Trinity by saying whats one little girl going to do. This is ironic because later on Trinity manages to defend herself. By attacking about half a dozen police men, which each had a gun, and out run them to. Also in the club scene, when Trinity meets Neo, Neo is shocked to find out that Trinity was actually a girl. This is made known when he says youre Trinity? This is stereotyping Trinitys abilities, which reveals that Neo is quiet sexist, that he thinks only a job like cracking into computers is done by men. Sarahs character can be known in the scene where her boyfriend cancelled on her up but yet she didnt react like an upset girlfriend would do, this shows a weakness to her personality that she is too lenient. It also seems like they both live in parallel worlds. This highlights the point of how the world has changed from 1980 to the 1990s. And how it has grown from women being stereotyped to them gaining the rights they deserve.

Quejarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Quejarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples The Spanish verb  quejarse  means to complain. Quejarse is conjugated as a regular  -ar  verb, like casarse  or  ducharse.  This article includes the conjugations for  quejarse  in the present, past and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, the imperative, and other verb forms. How to Use Quejarse Although  quejarse  includes the reflexive pronoun  se, it is not a reflexive verb. Instead, it is a pronominal verb. These verbs are always used with the reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nos os, se), but the reflexive pronoun has no function except to accompany the verb. This means that pronominal verbs like quejarse cannot be used without the reflexive pronouns. For example, to say He complains to his boss, you need to say  Ãƒâ€°l se queja con su jefe,  you would never say  Ãƒ ©l queja, without the pronoun  se. Quejarse Present Indicative For the verb quejarse, remember to always include the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb. Yo me quejo I complain Yo me quejo del calor. T te quejas You complain T te quejas del fro. Usted/l/ella se queja You/he/she complains Ella se queja por el mal servicio. Nosotros nos quejamos We complain Nosotros nos quejamos cuando estamos enfermos. Vosotros os quejis You complain Vosotros os quejis con el gerente del restaurante. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se quejan You/they complain Ellos se quejan por cualquier cosa. Quejarse Preterite  Indicative The preterite is one of the two past tenses in Spanish. It is used to talk about completed actions in the past. Yo me quej I complained Yo me quej del calor. T te quejaste You complained T te quejaste del fro. Usted/l/ella se quej You/he/she complained Ella se quej por el mal servicio. Nosotros nos quejamos We complained Nosotros nos quejamos cuando estuvimos enfermos. Vosotros os quejasteis You complained Vosotros os quejasteis con el gerente del restaurante. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se quejaron You/they complained Ellos se quejaron por cualquier cosa. Quejarse  Imperfect  Indicative The other past tense in Spanish is the  imperfect tense, which can be translated as was complaining or used to complain.  The imperfect is used to talk about repeated or ongoing actions in the past. Yo me quejaba I was complaining Yo me quejaba del calor. T te quejabas You were complaining T te quejabas del fro. Usted/l/ella se quejaba You/he/she was complaining Ella se quejaba por el mal servicio. Nosotros nos quejbamos We were complaining Nosotros nos quejbamos cuando estbamos enfermos. Vosotros os quejabais You were complaining Vosotros os quejabais con el gerente del restaurante. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se quejaban You/they were complaining Ellos se quejaban por cualquier cosa. Quejarse Future  Indicative To conjugate the future tense, start with the infinitive of the verb, and add the future tense endings (à ©, s, , emos, à ©is, n). Yo me quejar I will complain Yo me quejar del calor. T te quejars You will complain T te quejars del fro. Usted/l/ella se quejar You/he/she will complain Ella se quejar por el mal servicio. Nosotros nos quejaremos We will complain Nosotros nos quejaremos cuando estemos enfermos. Vosotros os quejaris You will complain Vosotros os quejaris con el gerente del restaurante. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se quejarn You/they will complain Ellos se quejarn por cualquier cosa. Quejarse Periphrastic Future  Indicative In a  periphrastic construction, there are several words that make up a verb form. The periphrastic future is formed with the present tense conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a,  and the infinitive of the verb. Yo me voy a quejar I am going to complain Yo me voy a quejar del calor. T te vas a quejar You are going to complain T te vas a quejar del fro. Usted/l/ella se va a quejar You/he/she is going to complain Ella se va a quejar por el mal servicio. Nosotros nos vamos a quejar We are going to complain Nosotros nos vamos a quejar cuando estemos enfermos. Vosotros os vais a quejar You are going to complain Vosotros os vais a quejar con el gerente del restaurante. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se van a quejar You/they are going to complain Ellos se van a quejar por cualquier cosa. Quejarse Conditional  Indicative Yo me quejara I would complain Yo me quejara del calor. T te quejaras You would complain T te quejaras del fro. Usted/l/ella se quejara You/he/she would complain Ella se quejara por el mal servicio. Nosotros nos quejaramos We would complain Nosotros nos quejaramos si estuviramos enfermos. Vosotros os quejarais You would complain Vosotros os quejarais con el gerente del restaurante. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se quejaran You/they would complain Ellos se quejaran por cualquier cosa. Quejarse Present Progressive/Gerund Form To form the present participe or gerund  for -ar  verbs, you need the ending -ando.  The present participle can be  used to form progressive verb forms such as the present progressive.   Present Progressive of Quejarse se est quejando She is complaining Ella se est quejando por el mal servicio. Quejarse  Past Participle To form the past participle for -ar  verbs, you need the ending -iendo.  The past participle can be used to form compound tenses, such as the present perfect.   Past Participle of Quejarse se ha quejado  She has complained Ella se ha quejado por el mal servicio. Quejarse Present Subjunctive The  subjunctive mood  is used when a sentence contains  a main clause and a secondary clause with a different subject in each clause, and it communicates doubt, desire, emotion, probabilities, or other subjective situations. Que yo me queje That I complain Julia pide que yo me queje del calor. Que t te quejes That you complain Orlando pide que t te quejes del fro. Que usted/l/ella se queje That you/he/she complain Mayra quiere que ella se queje por el mal servicio. Que nosotros nos quejemos That we complain La enfermera espera que nosotros nos quejemos cuando estemos enfermos. Que vosotros os quejis That you complain Briana pide que vosotros os quejis con el gerente del restaurante. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se quejen That you/they complain Esteban espera que ellos se quejen por cualquier cosa. Quejarse Imperfect  Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive  has two different conjugations, which are equally acceptable. Option 1 Que yo me quejara That I complained Julia peda que yo me quejara del calor. Que t te quejaras That you complained Orlando peda que t te quejaras del fro. Que usted/l/ella se quejara That you/he/she complained Mayra quera que ella se quejara por el mal servicio. Que nosotros nos quejramos That we complained La enfermera esperaba que nosotros nos quejramos cuando estbamos enfermos. Que vosotros os quejarais That you complained Briana peda que vosotros os quejarais con el gerente del restaurante. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se quejaran That you/they complained Esteban esperaba que ellos se quejaran por cualquier cosa. Option 2 Que yo me quejase That I complained Julia peda que yo me quejase del calor. Que t te quejases That you complained Orlando peda que t te quejases del fro. Que usted/l/ella se quejase That you/he/she complained Mayra quera que ella se quejase por el mal servicio. Que nosotros nos quejsemos That we complained La enfermera esperaba que nosotros nos quejsemos cuando estbamos enfermos. Que vosotros os quejaseis That you complained Briana peda que vosotros os quejaseis con el gerente del restaurante. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se quejasen That you/they complained Esteban esperaba que ellos se quejasen por cualquier cosa. Quejarse Imperative   The imperative mood  is for giving commands or orders. You will notice that the positive and negative commands  are slightly different in the  tà ºÃ‚  and vosotros conjugations. Also, you will notice that the placement of the reflexive pronoun is different in the positive and negative commands. The reflexive pronoun is placed between the  adverb  no  and the verb in negative commands, but it is attached at the end of the verb in positive commands.   Positive Commands T qujate Complain! Qujate del fro! Usted qujese Complain! Qujese por el mal servicio! Nosotros quejmonos Lets complain! Quejmonos cuando estemos enfermos! Vosotros quejaos Complain! Quejaos con el gerente del restaurante! Ustedes qujense Complain! Qujense por cualquier cosa! Negative Commands T no te quejes Dont complain! No te quejes del fro! Usted no se queje Dont complain! No se queje por el mal servicio! Nosotros no nos quejemos Lets not complain! No nos quejemos cuando estemos enfermos! Vosotros no os quejis Dont complain! No os quejis con el gerente del restaurante! Ustedes no se quejen Dont complain! No se quejen por cualquier cosa!

Strategic Management, Analysis of the Strategic Situation of HTC and Essay

Strategic Management, Analysis of the Strategic Situation of HTC and Its Industry - Essay Example HTC was founded in the year 1997 and commenced its business with manufacturing and designing of mobile accessories. Since the year 2006, HTC has introduced many mobile phones with various portfolios like tablet, android and smartphones for the developing markets (HTC, 2012). The objective of this paper is to analyse about the strategic current situation of HTC in the smartphone industry. The analysis would take into consideration industry analysis by using Porter’s five forces model, industry lifecycle analysis and value chain analysis. The study would also endeavour to comprehend the scale and the scope for HTC in respect of the existing industry scenario in the upcoming future. Analysis of the Strategic Situation In the present market scenario, it is observed that a number of companies are manufacturing smartphone along with HTC like Apple, Samsung, Nokia and Sony Ericsson among others. Due to which, the competition among the companies is rising day-by-day in the mobile phon e market. As a result, many advanced technology smartphones have been launched in the market. A few companies have been recognised to have lost out somewhat in market competition due to facing a lack in terms of offered technology in their smartphones or other mobile devices (Hu & Meier, 2010). With due reference to the context, it can be observed that HTC has been facing quite a tough scenario in the smartphone market to sustain its position among the topmost brands. Since the year 2006, HTC had expanded its reach with its smartphone in a number of global markets. HTC was the first cellular manufacturing company to introduce android phone in the market. Subsequently, it was observed that from 2010 onwards HTC faced a downfall because of the vast developments with modern technologies among the competitors’ products. The leading competitors of HTC include Nokia, Samsung and Apple. These companies also started to offer competitive brands of smartphones which significantly affec ted the sales of HTC. Generally, HTC was affected due to the rapid growths of Samsung and Apple’s smarphones such as Galaxy line as well as iPhone respectively. Moreover, Sensation and Desire brands of HTC smartphone have also faced quite indifferent responses from the consumers. Thus, this aspect has also led towards the declining trend of HTC in the smartphone market (Hu & Meier, 2010). Source: (Dotmobi, 2012). The above depicted figure depicts the position of the smartphone manufacturing companies in the present scenario. Therefore, it can be avowed that HTC, in recent times, has considerably lacked behind as compared to its major competitors such as Samsung, Apple and Nokia among others. Thus, by considering the downfall, HTC needs to recognise certain strategies to improve its product and to fight back against its competitors. Key strategies that can be employed include making product modifications, changing to the fast-moving approach for unpredictable markets, creating enhanced brand awareness through positioning and targeting high end users (Hu & Meier, 201

Earthquake dangers and community preparedness Essay

Earthquake dangers and community preparedness - Essay Example Adapted from Geography: earthquakes, by BBC, 2012, Retrieved 26 November 2012 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/natural_hazards/earthquakes_rev1.shtml. Copyright 2012 by Author. Reprinted with permission. A shift in these plates results in vibrations in the crust of the earth, a phenomenon referred to as earthquake. Patel and Revi (2010) define earthquake as a sudden movement of the crust of the earth due to volcanic activity or release of stress accumulated along faults. The logarithmic Richter scale measures the magnitude of earthquakes. The greatest magnitude measured to date has been 9.5 for an earthquake that rocked Chile, causing tsunamis and killing about 1,655 people injuring 3,000 others (US Department of the Interior, 2012). Dangers of earthquake to humans and the environment Indeed, these shifts of the earth’s crust referred to as earthquakes impact on ecosystems and habitats. The United Nations Environmental Program (2004) gives an example of the 1976 Sichuan earthquake that led to the loss of the habitat for the giant bear panda. The tsunamis that result from earthquakes could kill fish and other sea life with consequent disturbance of their habitat. For example, the 1964 Alskan earthquake uplifted the floor of the sea by 33 feet leading to destruction of calcareous marine organisms. Earthquakes destroy plant life. It is feared that in Northern California, a place of convergence of three tectonic plates, the occurrence of an earthquake would cause a massive loss of Redwood trees (Patel & Revi, 2010). As humans seek to construct temporary shelters, reconstruct and meet their energy needs, they could cause deforestation thus ecosystem depletion (BBC, 2012). Similarly, other risks such as quarrying for reconstruction could further negatively impact on the ecosystem. Wildlife also gets affected either directly or indirectly because of earthquakes. Some of these environmental effects of earthquakes affect human health. The waste disposal and debris resulting from an earthquake could negatively impact the environment and human health. The affected would have to look for appropriate ways of disposing off such waste so as to rebuild their structures. The aftermath of the 2008 Sichuan China earthquake saw agricultural fields turned into dumps with building materials (BBC, 2012). Water sources also got contaminated with the dumps. Therefore, it would be critical to ape Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts which after the 194 earthquake disposed off the rubbles appropriately (Patel & Revi, 2010). This would be important in seeking to lower contamination of the environment and disease to humans. Other than diseases, earthquakes could cause fires which burn down the assets of people, setting them back economically. In addition, the short term looting in the event of an earthquake would have similar devastative effects. Landslides could bury families under rubbles, with some bodies not being retrieved even after the disaster. The cost of rebuilding also adds to people’s financial burdens. Preparedness towards earthquake dangers The Seattle Office of Management (2012) suggests various ways to prepare one for an earthquake as an individual. The organization proposes anchoring of appliances and tall furniture that could fall. Homes should have emergency supplies known to every family member. The members should also have the necessary numbers handy to be used in case of separation

Water Irrigation Systems In India Environmental Sciences Essay

Water Irrigation Systems In India Environmental Sciences Essay Water is the most distributed substance on our planet. It is available in different amounts everywhere and plays an important role in the surrounding environment and human life. By recent estimates the earths hydrosphere contains a huge amount of water of about 1,386 million cubic kilometers. However, 97.5 per cent of this amount is saline water and only 2.5 per cent is fresh water. The greater portion of the fresh water (68.70%) is in the shape of ice and permanent snow cover in the Antarctic, the Artic, and Mountains regions. Only 0.26 per cent of the total amount of fresh water on the earth is concentrated in lakes, reservoirs, and river systems. They are most accessible for economic needs and very important for water ecosystems. Agriculture sector requires more irrigation water compared to industry and domestic sectors. Especially in developing countries the consumption of irrigation water was more than 90 per cent. Irrigation in India Indias irrigation development in this century and particularly after independence has seen number of large storage based system all by the government effort and money. However, in pre-British period in India, there were practically no large reservoir projects. Even in British period, a few storage structures were built only in the beginning of this century. Post independent India however has seen more than 60 per cent of irrigation budgets going for major and minor projects. Indian states have taken over total responsibility of planning, decision making, finance, construction, operation and maintenance of existing and future irrigation projects of all sizes. Indias irrigated agriculture has been fundamental to its economic development and poverty alleviation. About 18.00 per cent of Indias gross domestic product and 67.00 per cent of employment is based on agriculture. Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood in rural area, which accounts for 75.00 per cent of Indias population and 80.00 per cent of its poor. And, in turn, irrigation is the base for about 56.00 per cent. Considering these aspects of agriculture, Government of India has undertaken construction of major and minor irrigation projects in India. But, these projects have failed in equitable distribution of water resources throughout the country. Irrigation in Karnataka The Karnataka state is the eighth largest state in the country and it is located in the Deccan plateau. The geographical area of state is 1,90,498 sq km accounting for 5.8 per cent of the total area of the country. The climate of state varies from very humid rainy monsoonal climate in the west coast, the ghats and malnad areas to semi-arid warm dry climate on the east. There is a large variation in the rainfall with higher amounts in the Western Ghats and reducing towards the eastern plains. Along the coastal Dakshina Kannada district, the normal rainfall is about 4000 mm while in the drought prone districts of Bijapur, Raichur, Bellary etc., the rainfall is of the order of 500 mm to 600 mm. The average annual yield of the rivers of the Karnataka has been roughly estimated as 98,406 M.CUM (3,475 TMC). Agriculture being the main occupation of the state, irrigation plays utmost significant role in obtaining increased yields from the land. The development of irrigation in the state was slow and unsystematic during the pre-independence era. However, there was some notable irrigation works undertaken and completed during the pre-independence, such as Krishna Raja Sagar, Vijayanagar canals, Cauvery anicut channels, Gokak canal, Vanivilas Sagar, Markonahalli and Anjanapur. Though major projects like Tungabhadra, Bhadra, and Ghataprabha stage-I were commenced prior to the plan period, their progress was low and got impetus only after their inclusion in the first five year plan. River systems of Karnataka and water resources Karnataka has seven river systems, namely Krishna, Cauvery, Godavary, West flowing rivers, North Pennar, South Pennar, and Palar. It is estimated that the economically utilized water for irrigation is about 1695 TMC, excluding ground water. The total net sown area in the state is 107 lakh ha including rainfed irrigated area of 46 lakh ha. It is reported that the balance irrigation potential from all sources excluding rainfed irrigation has been estimated as about 61 lakh ha comprising 35 lakh ha under major and medium irrigations, 10 lakh ha from minor irrigation using surface water and 16 lakh ha from ground water. The Tungabhadhra Project The Tungabhadhra Dam is built across Tungabhadra river near Mallapura village about 5 kms from Hospet town. The name Tungabhadra is derived from twin rivers Tunga and Bhadra, which originate in Varaha Parvata in Western Ghats and join at Kudali village in Shimoga district. The Tungabhadra Project was started during the year 1945 as a joint venture by the Governments of Madras and Hyderabad. At the time of States reorganization, the project came over to Karnataka state. In Karnataka, it is intended to irrigate an area of 3.63 lakh hectares in Bellary, Raichur and Koppal districts under this project. The ultimate irrigation potential of Tungabhadra project is 3.63 lakh hectares. About 3.52 lakh hectares have been developed up to end of March 2006. Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) PIM is not a new concept in India and locally managed irrigation systems are centuries old. They existed long before but they have been forgotten as the years rolled by and with the advent of the British regime and contraction of major irrigation projects. In ancient and medieval India, small irrigation schemes were entirely managed by farmers. As early as third century B.C. the Kautilya Arthashastrta enunciated the principles of participatory irrigation management. In second century A.D. in Tamilnadu, the Chola king built the Grand Anicut across the Cauvery river in the delta area and it was locally managed system till it was taken over by the British in 1799. Similarly, the Vijayanagar canals built by the Vijayanagar empire (13th to 16th century) as river diversion across the Tungabhadra river were entirely and ideally farmer managed. During the British period, many canal irrigation systems were built to ward off the havocs and distresses of famines in India. All these irrigation systems were entirely Government managed through the State Irrigation Department from top to bottom. Thus, the irrigation management became the exclusive responsibility of the State Irrigation Department. The concept of irrigation management is as much an organizational and social responsibility of the irrigators has been ignored with the need to increase agriculture productivity. Governments (Centre and State) embarked upon ambitious and major irrigation projects and they are all Governments managed. In this process, the past success of farmers in managing their own irrigation system was forgotten. The administration of such projects has not been able to enforce water control efficiently. Even if they are enforced, the legal mechanisms against the violators are also very weak. The failure of large scale irrigation projects has led to increased support for systems which could be run and maintained by the users themselves. In view of this, participatory irrigation management took birth. Realizing the great role of irrigation in economic progress, many countries in the world invested huge amounts of money for development of irrigation. Most of these state owned projects suffered from certain lacunae. These irrigation systems are not self sustaining because, the water charges have been kept low and also have not been collected efficiently over the years. The allocation of funds for the Operation and Maintenance (O and M) have created problem of unreliability of distribution of water. It has been recognized widely that unless the farmers are involved in an orgainized way in the operation, management and maintencance, the objectives of the irriagation projects cannot be realized to a full extent. Therefore, there is a trend all over the world to switch over to management of irrigation by farmers and thereby improve the efficiency. In the United States of America, the efforts began as early as in 1939 in this direction and completed thirty years later in 1969. France and Taiwan implemented the process in 1960s and 1970s. Since 1980s there have been experiments of this kind in Asia, Latin America, Africa, Arabia and Europe. Similarly Colombia, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Brazil, Philippines and other countries. This program is called by different names in different countries. It is called as Turn over in Indonesia and Philippines. Management transfer in Mexico and Turkey, take over in Colombia, Post-responsibility system or Responsibility contracting system in China and Par ticipatory Management in Sri Lanka. The process of change is also described differently as Farmers Organization and Turn over (FOT), Transfer and Self-Management (TESM), Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT), Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM), etc. Participation is a process in which people express themselves, share, contribute and act with mutual responsibility to promote a common goals. Participation is crucial for agriculture and rural development and is one of the critical components for success of natural resource management. Farmers participation in decision making is more likely to lead to a sustainable increase in food production as well as in eco-preservation, restoration and development. Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) refers to the involvement such as planning, designing, construction and supervision, policy and decision making, operation and maintenance (O and M) and evaluation of irrigation system. The program is implemented in India with the label of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM). The objectives vary from place to place within the country, but generally directed at improving the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system, increasing efficiency in the use of water, reducing the Government expenditure on irrigation, increase the collection of revenue. The man behind the present day Participatory Irrigation Management and irrigation co-operation is Sir. M. Vishveshvaraya, who as early as 1902-03 had advocated for establishment of such co-operation in respect of Khadakwasla canals while he was working as an Assistant Engineer in the Bombay state. Two water users co-operative societies were established namely Saswad Mali Society (1932) in Pune district and Samvastra Vibhag Water Supply Co-Operative Society (1936) in Ahamadnagar district. PIM in Karnataka The associations were named as Water Users Co-operative Societies (WUCSs) and the task of organizing them was entrusted to the Command Area Development Authority (CADA). The jurisdictional area of society was indicated in the range of 300 to 500 ha depending upon the position of the command area, hydrologic base and consideration of socio-economic aspects. The first society was registered in May 1990 at Shettikera in Shahapur taluka of Upper Krishna Project comprising an area of 328 ha in Shahapur Branch Canal. Since 2000, the Government of Karnataka has initiated a number of fresh measures for the implementation of the Participatory Irrigation Management. It had promulgated amendments to the Karnataka Irrigation Act 1965 and Irrigation (Levy of Betterment Contribution and Water Rate) Act 1957, to provide the legal frame work for formation of the societies and their duties and responsibilities have been framed. Water users associations at different level: It was proposed to organize the Water Users Associations (WUAs) at four levels as follows, Lateral level Water Users Co-operative Societies Distributory level Water Users Distibutory Level Federation Project level Water Users Project Level Federation State level Water Users Apex Level Federation Objectives of PIM model in Karnataka To initiate participation of the farmers in water management, irrigation scheduling, distribution and maintenance of system at micro level. To improve irrigation as well as water use efficiency or optimal production per unit volume of water. To make best use of natural precipitation and ground water in conjunctive with the canal water. To develop a sense of economy in water use amongst the users. To facilitate the users to have a choice in selecting crops, cropping sequence, timing of water supply depending upon the soil and availability of water, climate and other infrastructure facilities available in the command such as road, markets, cold storage etc., so as to maximize the income and profit. To delineate responsibilities of water distribution and maintenance of system between the users both relating to allocation and actual supply of water. To facilitate resolution of conflicts among farmers. To entrust collective and community responsibilities on the farmers to collect water charges and payments to government. To improve and sophisticate deliveries precisely as per crop need by the department at the supply point of the minors and thus reduce operation losses. To create healthy atmosphere between the managers and users in the entire operation. Enough research has been conducted to develop appropriate technology for irrigation commands, but it has not been adopted properly due to various reasons. In this context, Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) is conceived as panacea for the ills of irrigated farming. It is expected to solve the problems such as poor drainage, poor crop productivity, environmental degradation etc. PIM also deals with the maintenance of the irrigation system, equitable distribution of water, scientific crop management, planning and designing, construction and supervision, policy and decision making, operation and maintenance and evaluation of irrigation system etc. The logic is that water users have higher stake and they have total control over management of the irrigation system. PIM in Tungabhadra Project area Tungabhadra project (TBP) is one of the oldest projects to help the drought hit districts of North Karnataka. It serves three districts namely, Koppal, Raichur and Bellary. The ultimate irrigation potential of Tungabhadra project is 3.63 lakh hectares. An area of 3.52 lakhs hectares has been developed up to the end of March 2006. Sufficient time has elapsed without adequate returns in terms of agriculture output, income or revenue from the investment. To overcome these hurdles, the state adopted Participatory Irrigation Management and formation of Water Users Co-operative Societies (WUCSs) in early 1990s. As per the directions of the Government of India, the farmers are required to adopt micro level systems of water management. In this respect, from the year 1990 to 1999, sixteen water users co-operative societies were organized under CADA of which 13 societies were assisted with an amount of Rs.12.97 lakhs for first three years to meet the expenses of establishment charges like office rent, furniture and maintenance charge etc. But these societies have become defunct due to stoppage of financial assistance from the Government. Action is being taken to revitalize these societies and to adopt the new bye-laws and start functioning as per the amendment brought to irrigation act which was enforced from 2000 and onwards. In Tungabhadra project command area, 432 water users co-operative societies (out of 835 societies covering 3.63 lakh hectares) were registered up to end of November 2007 at Bellary, Koppal and Raichur districts. These water users co-operative societies covered an area of 1.77 lakh hectares of land. Among 432 water users co-operative societies, 168 water users co-operative societies have executed MOU and also two distributory level federations are registered one at RBLLC Bhagewady distributory and the other at RBHLC D.P.13 distributary. The formation of three more distributory federations are under progress. The registration of WUCSs in large number was mainly due to the pressure and target fixed by the government to the CADA officials. However, the progress of entering into memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Water Resources Department (WRD), actual hand over to farmers, etc was practically very slow. The expectations of organization of WUCSs were not achieved. There are many hurd les in the implementation of PIM at the grass root level. Therefore, in the study an attempt is made to understand the nature and progress of PIM and to identify the various factors / constraints limiting the successful implementation. This would throw light on ways and means for operatationalization of existing WUCSs in TBP area. Specific Objectives To analyze the growth in participatory irrigation management (PIM) in Tungabhadra project area. To asses the physical and financial progress of participatory irrigation management in the command area. To assess the impact of participatory irrigation management on farm economy. To identity the constraints in the operationalisation of participatory irrigation management (PIM). Hypotheses Growth of participatory irrigation management is increasing over the years. The physical and financial progress of the water users association is not satisfactory. The impact of functional water users co-operative societies on farm economy is not satisfactory over existing co-operative societies. Working of water users co-operative societies is beset with constraints. Presentation of the study The study has been presented in seven chapters. In chapter I, the nature and importance of the research problem, specific objectives of the study have been depicted. Chapter II deals with the review of the relevant past studies related to the study. Chapter III gives an over view of the study area, the nature and sources of data, the analytical tools employed for evaluating the objectives and interpreting the results and various concepts used in the study. The results of the study have been presented through a variety of tables in the chapter IV. A critical discussion of the results obtained has been presented / depicted in the chapter-V. A brief summary of the overall results and the main findings of the study have been presented in the chapter-VI along with the policy implications that emerged from the findings of the study. Chapter -VII includes the list of the refered books and journals in the study.