Benefits Of Liberal Arts Requirements - 1719 Words

Like many young people, I had very little idea about what I wanted to pursue for a career when I enrolled at Minnesota State University Moorhead (MSUM). One of the benefits of liberal arts requirements is that you have the opportunity to take classes that you might otherwise overlook. For me it was a course in human biology. Taught by a charismatic and enthusiastic professor, the course I took only to fulfill my liberal arts requirements became the course that started me down a career path in science. To figure out where I wanted to take my new biology major, I became involved in undergraduate research with Dr. Ellen Brisch. Dr. Brisch’s research focused on the sexual development of fish embryos in estrogenic waters downstream of a wastewater treatment plant. Estrogenic activity from chemical pollutants can negatively effect the sexual development of many aquatic species, leading to male infertility and population decline1, 2. To study the extent of this phenomenon in Moorhead , MN, we collected water from multiple sites along the Red River of the North and reared medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos in these samples. Embryonic development as well as hatching time were examined and compared to estrogenic and non-estrogenic control waters. We found that embryos hatched in estrogenic water and water sampled downstream of the wastewater treatment plant hatched significantly earlier than those in non-estrogenic control water, as well as water samples from other areas of the river.Show MoreRelatedA Liberal Arts Education: Preparing You for Any Career Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesA liberal arts education should no longer be considered the â€Å"easy way out† when compared to a career-oriented education. A liberal arts education provides students with many benefits, as well as a well-rounded education. Although this is true, many people still have doubts about liberal arts educations. One of the many benefits of a liberal arts education is that you will receive training in a variety of subjects. You will have the opportunity to take many different types of classes. Within theRead MoreThe Benefit of Liberal Arts Education Essay example904 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialized it raises the question, should undergraduate institutions change their curriculum requirements to better equip students? The goal of a liberal arts education is to enlighten individuals and prepare them for the complex and diverse world by requiring the study of literature, philosophy, mathematics, and sciences. As professional careers evolve into more specialized fields the argument that a liberal education is no longer needed rises. Some educators feel that future professionals would beRead MoreEducation And Liberal Arts Education1253 Words   |  6 PagesA study in general education (liberal arts) affects different aspects of my development both physically and mentally. A liberal arts educati on has shaped the form I conceive and return over individual circumstances. After attending class and reading all the benefits of a liberal arts education it has shaped the direction I held regarding a Liberal Arts education. A liberal arts education has shifted the way I study and the process I go about completing my school work. Furthermore, from the mannerRead MoreLiberal Arts Education : Becoming A Successful Consultant At Boston Consulting Group969 Words   |  4 PagesThe perception of Liberal Arts education has started to evolve over the years. Initially, Liberal Arts education was considered as a form of elitist education where nobles tried to expand on their knowledge on different topics rather than developing certain skills. However, as time is passing Liberal Arts education is becoming synonymous with personal development and critical thinking. While some people still believe that for a secure financial standing practical education such as going to a businessRead MoreLib eral Art Schools Worthiness Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagescapital societies. Today, collage standards expand and people discovered that some institutes are better than the others due to the options that each system provides. Of course liberal art school is one of them due to its philosophical base of the way that people should follow to learn. Nonetheless, nowadays, liberal art school is not economically worth the money to students because it is not providing students with what they actually need. Anything that is not providing students with what theyRead MoreBecoming A Physician s Assistant One Day1474 Words   |  6 Pagesbegin this essay, all of the sudden the light bulb in my head turned on. I am just a nineteen year old woman, fresh out of highschool compared to other students in this college, but knee deep in my first semester. I am a biology major, attending a liberal arts college, with the intent of becoming a Physician’s Assistant one day. The question of, â€Å"how on Earth am I supposed to sway the minds of people who are far more knowledgeable and intellectual than I am?† crossed my mind more times than I am proudRead MoreLiberal Arts Breadth and My Education1210 Words   |  5 PagesLIBERAL ARTS BREADTH AND MY EDUCATION 3 Liberal Arts Breadth and My Education There are many benefits to getting a Liberal Arts degree in today’s economic market. It is a message to your employer that you are willing to take on new information, and learn more then what is necessary to succeed. It shows initiative and the ability to expand your horizons beyond yourself. In a Liberal Arts education there is more purpose then just learning the career field of choice. It is a program that teaches criticalRead MoreLiberal Education806 Words   |  4 PagesShould education be a liberal education or should it be more focused on vocational issues? A liberal education is a system in which education is acceptable for a free human being. It’s based on the medieval concept of liberalism of the Age of Enlightenment. It was once described as a philosophy of education that empowers individuals with more knowledge and transferable skills, and a stronger sense of values, ethics and civic unity. A vocational education is an education that refers to a system orRea d MoreEducation Vs Liberal Education1328 Words   |  6 Pagesit raises the question, should undergraduate institutions and schools alter their educational program requirements to better prepare students for their future academic or career goals. Students go into college to better equip themselves for a better future. However, depending on their learning style, the ways colleges teach their students to develop their futures differ in many ways. A liberal arts college aims to communicate a vast general knowledge and create general intellectual limits, in comparisonRead MoreGraduation Speech : Starting School980 Words   |  4 Pagesshe taught our class, we enjoyed her approach and how relevant she made learning to our understanding. I wanted to have the same impact on students that she had for me. However, my pursuits in this field were short lived. I quickly found that the requirements for the degree (such as taking a second language) made it more challenging than I anticipated. Two failed attempts in pursuing an education degree prompted me to look into other degree options that my school offered. Networking with students in

People have become overly dependent on technology Free Essays

The World Wide Web is a huge world that should be controlled. The Internet has many advantages and disadvantages. It is either to be a useful tool or to be a harmful weapon. We will write a custom essay sample on People have become overly dependent on technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Internet had many effects and side effects in the social life, Safety and also purchasing or shopping. If it was controlled all those will be much better and life will be easier. However, if it was uncontrolled that will lead to huge problems. The peaceful tool will convert to be a harmful weapon. It won’t kill humans but I will kill nations and cultures. First, the Internet had developed the teaching methods and made the education uch easier and better. The student can look up for any subject that he need in the internet and It will Just pop up to him. It is better than referring to books. Internet will take you seconds to find specific information, while books may take hours and day to look up on them. The student homework’s, assignments and projects also require him to use Internet. The students and kids are totally able to look up for anything in the Internet, so that can lead to one of two things. First, Either the kids will use that to improve their skills, knowledge and they will catch up with the technology. Second, they will start to look up for pornographic media and it will be easy to obtain. It will destroy a lot of their parents work. They may addict online games as most of the kids in this time. This will cause them their social life. They wont be able to make friends or to contribute with anyone. They will not feel that they are wrong until they grew up and become adults. In that time they will notice that they have no friends or anyone around him. It will be very hard in that time to recover what he did. Not to mention that the kids who stay a lot in the Internet they got some issues. They will have pain in their packs and in their hands. This pain will be noticed after they grew up. But they will feel that their eyes are becoming weaker with time. It is the main reason for why too many people are wearing glasses in these days. They should be censored in what they see, how long they set in front of their computers or laptops and how they set. Second, The Internet can be used by governments to ensure the safety. It is a tool that the governments can use to detect the strange cases and stop them right away. There were some cases those terrorist used emails to contact each other. If their emails were controlled and under the government eyes they would probably save human lives. Governments should also watch the text massaging and instant massaging such â€Å"WhatsApp† or â€Å"skype† because it may used to plan for something. If governments work harder in the telecommunication security side, they would achieve many things that they are trying to do by other methods. They may detect a terrorist or also a murder evident, these things should not be ignored. Other wise we will watch a new type of terrorist that is more crazy than the previous ones. Third, There are types ot thieves and terrorist. In these days the worse type ot it is the hacker. There are a lot of hackers in this time. Those hackers may do small things such hacking an email. They also may do huge things like trying to hack a financial websites and steal the money from it. There are a lot of people who shops in the Internet and they are all afraid from the hackers or the fake website. Since they Just fill in their credit card information. They will find out that they were stolen. There are many fake websites and hackers that use Internet to gain money. The huge what hackers can do is trying to steal a bank. If government do not secure banks, people money will Just disappear. All the financial websites should be secured and controlled by the government so no body get stolen. Finally, The Internet can be a very useful tool to develop and to live a better life. However, this can never be unless that the Internet was secured and under the government eyes. I hope that people understand the meaning of the Internet and how harmful can it be. I also hope that people understand how a useful it is if it was used properly. How to cite People have become overly dependent on technology, Essays People Have Become Overly Dependent on Technology Free Essays Humans have been called the animals which make things, and at no time in history has this been so obvious as the present. Today, every human activity is dependent upon various tools, machines, and systems, from growing food to providing shelter to communication, healthcare, and entertainment. Some machines, like the tractor, speed up and make more efficient activities that humans have done for hundreds of thousands of years. We will write a custom essay sample on People Have Become Overly Dependent on Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others such as the airplane or the Internet, make possible things that humans have never been able to do before. This collection of devices, capabilities, and the knowledge that accompanies them is called technology. We can say that â€Å"living without technology is like living without air† in this technical world of today. Therefore, we are much dependent on technology. Broadly speaking, technology is how people modify the world to suit their own purposes. From the Greek word techne, meaning art or artifice or craft, technology literally means the act of making or crafting, but more generally it refers to the diverse collection of processes and knowledge that people use to extend human abilities and to satisfy human needs and wants. Technology has been going on since humans first formed a blade from a piece of flint, harnessed fire, or dragged a sharp stick across the ground to create a furrow for planting seeds, but today it exists to a degree unprecedented in history. Planes, trains, and automobiles carry people and cargo from place to place at high speeds. Telephones, television, and computer networks help people communicate with others across the street or around the world. Medical technologies, from vaccines to Stem Cell therapy, allow people to live longer, healthier lives. 00 years ago people’s average age of death was from 40 to 45. But now it’s 75. Furthermore, technology is evolving even as we speak, with new technologies being created and existing technologies being improved and extended. The benefits of technology are usually obvious, if they were not, it would probably never be developed, but the disadvantages and dangers are often hidden. A perfect example is chlorofluorocarbons, or C FCs. When CFCs were invented, no one realized that these chemicals used as refrigerants would eventually damage the ozone layer. Today, the Internet is having profound effects on society, how people interact and communicate with one another, how they do their business, and how they get their entertainment and recreation, but no one knows exactly what to expect from it in future. Computers make our lives easier and give us new ways to learn about the things we’re interested in. They make it possible to do many things from the comfort of our own home — we can shop online, keep in touch with our friends online, even go to school online. They make it easier to record and organize information and entertain us with a nearly endless variety of games. However, it’s still important to maintain a life outside of the cyber world; a life spent attached to a computer screen isn’t a real life. When a computer becomes the central point of a person’s life, they undergo a change in behavior; they become lazy and develop anti-social tendencies, and, in some severe cases, simply cannot function without a computer. Some people say that we are not really dependent on technology. We can live without the technology. Our ancestors did it, so why can’t we? I would ask these questions: When was the last time you solve math problems without using calculator? When was the last time you went to library to find information instead of searching from internet? Also time has changed since our ancestors era. Has technology really taken over our lives this much? Where we can’t go 2 minutes without checking our phone to see if we have a text? Where we can’t go a day or two without checking our e-mail, and facebook? We can’t even walk across a campus without seeing a student on the phone, laptop or listening to their iPods. All this makes it particularly important that people understand and are comfortable with the concepts and workings of modern technology. Today’s people, including me, have become socially inept and too dependent on technology. Now this isn’t meant to be a hate technology thread, because technology really can be awesome at times. From a personal standpoint, people benefit both at work and at home by being able to choose the best products for their purposes, to operate the products properly, and to troubleshoot them when something goes wrong. And from a societal standpoint, an informed citizenry improved the chances that decisions about the use of technology will be made rationally and responsibly. But sometimes we take technology too seriously, and depend on it too much. If your computer breaks, don’t get pissed about it. If the Internet goes down, it’s not the end of the world. If your phone is broken, don’t kill yourself. And ask this question from yourself: How long can you â€Å"survive† without technology? How to cite People Have Become Overly Dependent on Technology, Essays

Asthma is a Chronic Lung Disease Case Study

Question: Describe about the Case Study for "Asthma is a chronic lung disease"? Answer: Pathophysiology Asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes obstruction and inflammation of airways. It is recognised to affect the breathing patterns followed by excess coughing and wheeziness. Patients suffer from airway obstruction. People with family history of asthma are sure to be affected in their life. Both environmental and genetic factors are responsible for it cause. In this study, a patient is diagnosed with asthma in the childhood. Medical reports of the patient give a brief detail of patients history, treatment plan and medication prescribed. This study shows the physical and social impact of the disease on the patient. In this case study Patient aged 44, married with no children is diagnosed as a child with asthma. Asthma can be of two types allergic that is caused by exposure to allergen and non-allergic that caused by cold and other irritants. Asthma in this patient is identified to be because of environmental factors that mostly include airborne allergens and respiratory tract infections (Meln and Pershagen 2012). Other factors include tobacco smoke, cooking gases, air conditioners, nitrogen dioxide, humidifiers, improper ventilation in a house, infection due to other asthma members in the house, use of electric heaters, etc. Several cases identified the increased asthma on air pollution (Theoharides et l. 2012). These factors together with viral respiratory infections are mainly responsible for the severe persistence of childhood asthma. Most children are affected with parainfluenza virus and rhinovirus during their early life (Bouzigon et al. 2015). Asthma is also manifested by an interaction of respiratory viruses with atopy. Family asthma experiences showed to be the major risk factor in several cases. In this case study patients family history shows atopy. Thus, genetic factors also help in the development of asthma. Therefore, an onset of early asthma is mainly due to history asthma, early exposure to risk factors for atopy and wheezing. Asthma patients commonly experience discomfort from multiple triggers (dust, cold weather) coughing, tightness in chest, shortness of breath and wheezing. Lung function test shows the thick layer of mucous in airways causing obstruction, edema and inflammation of lungs in these patients. Blood examination shows elevation in inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, immunoglobulin E and basophils. Several studies revealed that allergens elevate immune response. Therefore, the high level of TH2, cytokines, chemokines and Ig E are observed (Theoharides et l. 2012). Mast cells cause an IgE-mediated release of hista mine and leukotrienes the key players in causing inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Inflammatory mediators disrupt airway epithelium. Dendritic cells interact with allergens and infiltrate the lymph nodes which results in elevated T cell response. Neutrophils are elevated during excessive smoking. Airway remodelling also occurs due to infiltrations of structural cells that leads to hyperplasia and hypersecretion of mucous. It is further accompanied by angiogenesis and subepithelial fibrosis. Bronchial inflammation is the manifestation of interaction between immune cells and other mediators that are mainly responsible for narrowed airways (Meln and Pershagen 2012). Although genetic factors are known to play the crucial role in asthma exact mechanism behind inflammation and airway obstruction through them is not yet understood. Asthma also has psychosocial effects. Patients suffer from anxiety, depression, slouching, unusual restlessness, lack of desire to work, etc. Low oxygen als o affects neurological functions. An uncontrolled cough sometimes increases fear of death. These makes life too stressful that apart anger, frustration, embarrassment becomes part of their everyday lives (Bouzigon et al. 2015). History taking and diagnosis History taking in medicine is corner stone which gives doctors clear evidence of the present patient condition. It includes past experiences of disease along with physical and psychosocial effects. The history taking starts with series of the questionnaire for a patient to obtain complete details. The history in the case of childhood asthma should involve information about exposure to passive smoking during early infancy, maternal use of corticosteroids and any other environmental factors discussed earlier. Deteriorated lung function causes prolonged persistence asthma symptoms. Several studies show that development of asthma in children before three years of age is mainly due to maternal smoking during pregnancy and have more frequent wheezing (Bickley et al. 2012). According to some studies, these children show decreased lung function by the age of 7 years. Therefore, intervention in asthma development in childhood prevents persistence of airflow obstruction in later years. In this case, patient study reports identified asthma only and no evidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease found. She also has a personal and family history of atopy. A detailed physical examination is required to check distressing symptoms, a presence of viral infection in upper respiratory tract and assessment of factors that cause inflammation (Schleich et al. 2014). Asthma in this patient is identified to be because of environmental factors that mostly include tobacco smoke, cooking gases, air conditioners, nitrogen dioxide, humidifiers, improper ventilation in a house, infection due to asthma members in the house, electric heaters, etc. Family asthma experiences showed to be the major risk factor in this case. Therefore, although suffering from a persistent cough since January 2015, could not go for the regular checkup. The patient kept on using sister's inhalers up to the month of September. It worsened the situation with multiple triggers (dust, cold weather) coughing, tightness in chest, shortness of breath and wheezing. Upon checkup lung function test and other clinical reports showed the low level of PEF-200 instead of normal range 400. She was recommended with PO Prednisolone 40 mg for five days, one per day. Clenil 100mcg was prescribed to take two puffs in the morning and evening. Salbutamol 100 mg one or two puffs were told to use for emergency. Several studies show that administering prednisolone even after obstructing airflow is the cause of disease severity. Asthma in this patient is recognised to be of a severe persistent category. More of salbutamol and antibiotics was prescribed to relieve symptoms. But other problems developed such as severe abdominal pain and excess menstrual bleeding, dark periorbital patches and faced turned paler. Pelvic and blood examination results showed reduced ferritin and haemoglobin level. Medication was changed, and new asthma plan was given. Ferrous fumarate and Norethisterone 5mg was prescribed along with Symbicort 100 two puffs daily morning and evening. The patient was asked to revisit in 6 weeks for review. Asthma care plan would not relieve the symptoms of anemia (Lommatzsch and Virchow 2014). So, the combination of ICS and LABA was given. Patient has improved and did not require further Salbutamol 100 but experiences a cough usually in the morning. Inhaler technique A correct inhaler technique is a major factor determining the asthma control. Inhalation is the major route of drug delivery in asthma. According to several studies efficacy of inhaled medication and its outcome depends on the patient behaviour on an intake of medicines as instructed (Price et al. 2013). Inhaler therapy aims to deliver a drug directly to lungs. Patient compliance correlates with benefits of inhaler therapy. Different inhalers are deposited to the different extent in lungs. Salbutamol deposits at a lower rate. When maximum drug reaches lungs, it prevents the adverse effects associated with deposition of a drug to some other region. Patients who do not comply with the instructed dosage or proper inhalation technique result in delayed drug delivery to target organ. Lack of education is found to be one of the main reason for noncompliance and inappropriate inhaler use. Adversity of incorrect inhaler use is not properly assessed thus; pharmacists teach inhaler technique t o patients at pharmacies. It led to positively influence asthma control (Giraud et al. 2012). A variety of inhalers is used out of which metered dose inhalers are mostly used in delivering bronchodilators such as salbutamol, corticosteroids. Initial use of meter dose inhalers needs to be properly primed and well shaken before use. Canisters must be well cleaned, and mouthpiece should be dry (Hamdan, et al. 2013). Spacer devices more efficiently deliver drugs to lungs. Patient must read package instruction properly. Dry powder asthma inhalers contain medicine as the dry powder. Unlike the former inhalers, this one needs to be forcefully inhaled. Therefore, they are not prescribed for an aged patient. In this case study, the patient was prescribed to take Symbicort. To use this inhaler firstly capsule is loaded after removing the cap and then breathed deeply keeping mouthpiece between the teeth. Before exhaling, breath is to be held for few seconds (Giraud et al. 2012). Assessment and management of acute asthma Assessment includes identification of symptom intensity and chances of exacerbations and management is the steps taken to forestall the adversity. According to guidelines of NAEPP EPR-3 severity of the patient, a condition is to be determined. Management should be goal directed to achieve positive results. The goal is to prevent symptoms and future risk of exacerbations. These guidelines include the set of instructions that is followed by physicians as per the patients disease scenario. It helps in decision making about asthma care. It instructs patients about dos and donts, assist in determining triggers, next appointment for review, how to communicate with physician and family about asthma attacks. It includes the plan for managing symptoms and asthma attack and emphasize on patient education. Comprehensive treatment is planned so as to resolve and reverse the inflammation (Simons et al. 2012). These guidelines are updated from time to time. If these guidelines are correctly implem ented, it can save both personal and financial loss of the patient. Patients need to give detailed information about the persistence of a cough, whether at night or in a morning, trouble in breathing and performing normal activities. Practioner should plan and ameliorate the symptoms within 2-3 weeks. The analysis should be done to comprehend the reason behind symptomatic frequencies. In this case, study patient was suffering from asthma since childhood. After using medicines for a prolonged period, she was found to be asymptomatic. But recently symptoms recurred. Asthma control plan involves continuous monitoring. She was given steroids, bronchodilators and antibiotics and alleviate medications Prednisolone, Clenil and Salbutamol. It helped relieve the intensity of symptoms and discomfort. She worsened the situation by discontinuing the visit as symptoms were not profound. Distress started to occur despite inhaling steroids. Patients should avoid negligence even if symptoms are resolved. However, later she continued the treatment, and Asthma Management Plan was changed as exacerbations triggered. Childhood asthma management includes administration of mainly nedocromil and theophylline as per NAEPP guidelines but rarely used (Kaya et al. 2014). Patients with allergic asthma require the different set of guidelines according to NAEPP. Mostly omalizumab is prescribed that decreases the release of mast cells and histamine. These patients need to avoid dust allergens, mites, handling pets, etc. Non-pharmacological asthma management involves identification and restoring of the normal situation. Complete avoidance of environmental factors triggering asthma is the base rule. Avoiding food that irritates gastroesophageal reflux is necessary (Parshall et al. 2012). A comprehensive treatment plan is needed that helps control asthma along with educating a patient about details of the case and asthma management. In the given case study initial treatment decreased wheezing and coughing in the patient. But later other problems were noted such as abdominal discomfort and dark circles. Clinical tests identified low ferritin and haemoglobin level. So, asthma control plan was changed, and new medicines were prescribed that brought situation under control. Asthma care plan is changed from time to time with the change in severity and symptoms manifested. Patient and practitioner should efficiently collaborate and decide on to a correct action plan. Patients should also be helped to deal with psychological effects such as anger, confusion, anxiety and depression which are common in people with a prolonged disease. It is advisable to consult professional psychologists to learn to manage stressful experiences of chronic illnesses. Patients need to be in a positive state of mind. Apart from medication patients should engage in physical activities for both mental and physical well-being (Theoharides et al. 2012). Despite several efforts to manage asthma prevention of exacerbations, triggers remain an important problem in the world. Identification and mechanism of genetic factors in asthma is still under intense research. Continuous research is going on to understand the reason behind mismanagement and intervene asthma in early life so as to prevent its persistence in later life. References Bickley, L. and Szilagyi, P.G., 2012. Bates' guide to physical examination and history-taking. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Bouzigon, E., Nadif, R., Le Moual, N., Dizier, M.H., Aschard, H., Boudier, A., Bousquet, J., Chanoine, S., Donnay, C., Dumas, O. and Gormand, F., 2015. [Genetic and environmental factors of asthma and allergy: Results of the EGEA study].Revue des maladies respiratoires,32(8), pp.822-840. Giraud, V., Allaert, F.A. and Roche, N., 2012. Inhaler technique and asthma: feasability and acceptability of training by pharmacists.Respiratory medicine,105(12), pp.1815-1822. Hamdan, A.L., Ahmed, A., Abdullah, A.L., Khan, M., Baharoon, S., Salih, S.B., Halwani, R. and Al-Muhsen, S., 2013. Improper inhaler technique is associated with poor asthma control and frequent emergency department visits. Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol, 9(1), p.8. Kaya, A., Erkocoglu, M., Akan, A., Vezir, E., Azkur, D., Ozcan, C., Civelek, E., Toyran, M., GiniÃ…Å ¸, T., Misirlioglu, E.D. and Kocabas, C.N., 2014. TRACK as a complementary tool to GINA and NAEPP guidelines for assessing asthma control in pre-school children. Journal of Asthma, 51(5), pp.530-535. Lommatzsch, M. and Virchow, C.J., 2014. Severe asthma: definition, diagnosis and treatment.Deutsches rzteblatt International,111(50), p.847. Meln, E. and Pershagen, G., 2012. Pathophysiology of asthma: lessons from genetic research with particular focus on severe asthma.Journal of internal medicine,272(2), pp.108-120. Parshall, M.B., Schwartzstein, R.M., Adams, L., Banzett, R.B., Manning, H.L., Bourbeau, J., Calverley, P.M., Gift, A.G., Harver, A., Lareau, S.C. and Mahler, D.A., 2012. An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. Price, D., Bosnic-Anticevich, S., Briggs, A., Chrystyn, H., Rand, C., Scheuch, G., Bousquet, J. and Inhaler Error Steering Committee, 2013. Inhaler competence in asthma: common errors, barriers to use and recommended solutions. Respiratory medicine, 107(1), pp.37-46. Schleich, F.N., Chevremont, A., Paulus, V., Henket, M., Manise, M., Seidel, L. and Louis, R., 2014. Importance of concomitant local and systemic eosinophilia in uncontrolled asthma. European Respiratory Journal, 44(1), pp.97-108. Simons, F.E.R., Ardusso, L.R., Bilo, M.B., Dimov, V., Ebisawa, M., El-Gamal, Y.M., Ledford, D.K., Lockey, R.F., Ring, J., Sanchez-Borges, M. and Senna, G.E., 2012. 2012 Update: World Allergy Organization Guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology, 12(4), pp.389-399. Theoharides, T.C., Enakuaa, S., Sismanopoulos, N., Asadi, S., Papadimas, E.C., Angelidou, A. and Alysandratos, K.D., 2012. Contribution of stress to asthma worsening through mast cell activation.Annals of Allergy, Asthma Immunology,109(1), pp.14-19.

Erp Solutions in Healthcare Essay Example

Erp Solutions in Healthcare Paper Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software applications are designed to facilitate the systemic integration of complex processes and functions across a large enterprise consisting of many internal and external constituents. Although most currently available ERP applications generally are tailored to the needs of the manufacturing industry, many large healthcare systems are investigating these applications. Due to the significant differences between manufacturing and patient care, ERP- based systems do not easily translate to the healthcare setting. In particular, he lack of clinical standardization impedes the use of ERP systems for clinical integration. Nonetheless, an ERP-based system can help a healthcare organization integrate many functions, including patient scheduling, human resources management, workload forecasting, and management of workflow, that are not directly dependent on clinical decision making. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are a new type of software that enables companies to integrate business functionsincluding finance, human resources, operations, sales and distribution, and marketingacross their organizations. Companies throughout the world are increasingly converting to these systems. Major corporations that have implemented ERP systems in recent years include MUM, Microsoft, Eastman Kodak, and Hershey. Purchases of ERR systems reached SIC billion in 1997, a 40 percent increase from 1 996, and industry analysts suggest that rapid growth is likely to continue through 2001 . [a] To date, the growth of ERP systems has been concentrated in the manufacturing sector, but large healthcare systems hue begun to take an interest in these applications. We will write a custom essay sample on Erp Solutions in Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Erp Solutions in Healthcare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Erp Solutions in Healthcare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As a result, vendors are developing ERP applications that offer administrative and logistical solutions for large healthcare systems. The key question for a healthcare provider is Whether an application originally designed with the manufacturing industry in mind, focusing as that industry does on management of production lines and logistics, translates well to the healthcare industry, which focuses primarily on managing staff costs and clinical processes. Indeed, it is reasonable to assume that because healthcare providers have inherently different cost concerns and behaviors than manufacturers, successful implementation of an ERP system in a healthcare organization would quire a quite different approach than that used by manufacturers, Production Lines versus Patient Care A comparison of the chief characteristics of the manufacturing and patient care processes discloses several important differences between these processes that shed light on how an ERR system needs to be adapted for use in health care, The basic focus of the manufacturing process is to transform raw materials into finished goods. In a typical production line, inventories for raw materials, work in process, and finished goods must be coordinated With production schedules o minimize working capital investment. In essence, the raw-material inventories are stocked and production schedules developed to produce inventories Of finished goods needed to meet sales forecasts. An ERP system can help a manufacturer integrate and coordinate all of the functions of the manufacturing process using standard messaging formats that allow data to be shared among all internal and external constituents in the supply chain. For example, an ERP system enables a manufacturer to use data on expected sales and customer needs from sales-management and customer- arrive systems within the production-management process to more accurately forecast inventory requirements, The manufacturers sales department then can use the finished-goods directors to manage customer expectations and focus sales efforts. An ERP system also can be used to facilitate the manufacturers sharing of inventory and sales forecasts with key suppliers, which can use the data to more effectively meet the manufacturers needs, By contrast, costs in a healthcare organization are much more difficult to forecast because a healthcare provider must manage many different processes, each paving different, and often unpredictable, outcomes. Indeed, the treatment of every patient varies to some degree in terms of processes, staffing, and facility usage. In addition, because healthcare delivery processes tend to be labor-intensive, the primary cost driver for healthcare organizations is labor, unlike manufacturing, where the primary cost driver is raw materials.

Human Nature Comparative Analysis

Human Nature Comparative Analysis Aphra Behn lived between 1640 and 1689. He is most known for his popular novel titled Oroonoko that was written in 1688 based on his trip to Surinam. First, he underscored the fact that he was a famous author by going against the ideas of Aristotle on fiction. Aristotle perceived fiction as an imitation of nature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Nature: Comparative Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was of the view that there is a difference between fiction and history because the latter is concerned with what should be happening while the former is simply a collection of events implying that it does not have a begging and an end. The author is against slavery because it was dehumanizing and discriminative in nature. Traders in Ghana were simply concerned with accumulating wealth without necessarily considering the nature of business and its effects on the society. Based on this, he was of the view th at human beings are always calculative because they work so hard to satisfy their needs without considering the wishes and the desires of others (Behn 37). Even though the narrator went against the views of Aristotle on fiction, he appreciated the fact that hierarchy exists among human beings whereby the monarchy does not want its power to be interfered with in society. In his view, legitimate authority should be derived from the people since the powers of the monarchs are always destructive because they are used in a way that is inconsistent with the demands of the majority. Behn published his works at the time when Britain was undergoing constitutional reforms, with King Charles I trying to bring in a constitutional monarch, but with no success. Hobbes published his works on the Leviathan soon afterwards when the monarch was restored. The views of Behn on governance and human nature were based on the Aristotelian writings. Aristotle had advised that politics is illogical since soc iety is organized in the same way as the family and each unit is assigned a specific role to play. Therefore, hierarchy should be respected because family members cannot have similar powers, as the father is often considered the head of the family while the mother is charged with the role of taking care of the family members.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on this, it is noted that Behn expected society to be stratified based on gender, age, and social position meaning that the most powerful should be given the role of leading while the less privileged should respect the authority and support it. For Hobbes, the existence of a strong centralized government was preferred, but its leaders had to be elected directly by the citizens (Hobbes 22). In other words, Hobbes supported a democratic system of government whereby the majority should be allowed to rule, but the minority should have a say. In his novel, Behn suggested that Prince Oroonoko had to be given special treatment, even though he was a slave. In this case, the prince will never lose his powers, irrespective of whether he is in jail or not. In his view, a leader will always remain a leader even when conditions are extreme, something that goes against democracy, which suggests that power has to be shared equally (Schmitt and Schwab 88). The novel promotes monarchy and the status quo as demonstrated in one of the scenarios where he separates Oroonoko from the rest of slaves. The author defended the culture of the Coromanti people who were viewed in other places as uncivilized barbarians. This was mainly because they engaged in trade and accepted multilingualism. The region was not colonized because its people were aware of their rights. Slaves were acquired through war, but its people never sold their sons and daughters to foreigners. Once captured, slaves would be treated in the s ame way as animals because they were considered prisoners of war. In this regard, human nature was brutal and inconsiderate because it was indifferent to the sufferings of others, something that Hobbes agreed with because he also noted that life in the state of nature is short-lived and nasty, as there is no Leviathan to unite and lead people. Human needs drive an individual to act either positively or negatively, and if appetites are not quenched, chances are high that an individual will feel pain (Iwanisziw and Southerne 59). Therefore, human beings are always under pressure to overcome desires.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Nature: Comparative Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An individual acts according to his or her beliefs, principles, and values. In this case, human beings are free to do as they desire and any attempt to control them would result to resistance. Unlike Behn, Hobbes disapproved the monarchs and preferred a democratic government because it represents the interests of the majority. However, Benh shares his view on the selfishness of human beings because they always play a zero sum game whereby another person loses for the other to gain. The comparison has both ethical and cultural implications because it expresses the views of two great writers on the human nature and politics. For instance, they help in explaining what ought to be done in the political arena. Behn, Aphra. Oroonoko or the Royal Slave. Boston: MobileReference.com, 2010. Print. Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2011. Print. Iwanisziw, Susan, and Southerne, Thomas. Oroonoko: Adaptations and Offshoots. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005. Print. Schmitt, Carl, and Schwab, George. The Leviathan in the State Theory of Thomas Hobbes: Meaning and Failure of a Political Symbol. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008. Print.

Serial Comma in Business Writing

Serial Comma in Business Writing In nearly every business writing course I lead, the subject of whether or not to use a serial comma (also called an oxford comma) comes up. There is always strong opinion. I actually dreaded writing this article. I was scarred by this subject while in graduate school studying composition and rhetoric, when I had to write a 10-page paper on the history and merits/detriments of the serial comma. I had to present my research and opinion to my classmates, who not surprisingly loved to debate grammar. The argument about whether the serial comma should or should not be included lasted over two hours. We never did come to any consensus. This controversy probably exists because there is no grammar â€Å"rule.† Just convention. And, style guides differ. To define: a serial comma is the optional comma used at the end of a list. The most common conjunctions in a list are â€Å"and† and â€Å"or.† The serial comma is the comma that comes before the conjunction: I like cookies, cupcakes(,) and gumdrops. (The comma before and is the serial comma.) TED Talks provide an excellent illustrative summary: Let me tip my hand, and give you my opinion on this business grammar issue, and then I’ll explain why: The customary convention in business writing is to use the serial comma. The customary convention in journalism is to omit it, historically to conserve space. The British tend to use serial commas less than Americans. It is both correct to use or not use a serial comma, so what is most important is consistency. (And, be prepared for some editors to correct you, regardless of which option you choose.) I recommend using the serial comma in business writing, since it is the customary convention. And, to me, it is much easier to consistently follow this convention, than to omit it most of the time and add it in when clarity is needed. Keep it simple. Let’s look at examples where the serial comma clarifies: When stocking your desk, be sure you have pens, pencils, paper clips(,) and pins. (The comma after pens in parentheses is the serial comma.) If you do not use a serial comma in this sentence, meaning is still quite clear, but you might wonder if you need to buy a box of paper clips and pins mixed together: When stocking your desk, be sure you have pens, pencils, paper clips and pins. Let’s examine a more ambiguous example: The job involves restocking shelves, cleaning and serving customers. (Without a serial comma before and, the sentence suggests the person doing this job will be responsible for cleaning the customers in addition to serving them.) Another example illustrating confusion that results by omitting the serial comma: â€Å"To reduce stress, I like running, yoga, meditation and visualization and quiet time alone.† Notice I omitted the serial comma here. Let’s see how this example works: No comma: To reduce stress, I like (running,) (yoga,) (meditation and visualization and quiet) time. Comma: To reduce stress, I like (running,) (yoga,) (meditation and visualization,) and (quiet) time. Recommendation Use the serial comma consistently in your business writing. Only omit it in those rare instances when it muddies meaning. Grammarians love to debate this issue, and there will never be full agreement, but for business writing, the convention is clear: use the serial comma. What is your opinion on this hotly debated grammar issue? Yes or no for the serial comma?

New orleans after hurricane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New orleans after hurricane - Essay Example Many people in New Orleans experience post traumatic stress and need a lot of support and counseling to deal with this issue according to Rhoads, Pearman, and Rick (Nd). Nutrition and metabolism focus on food and fluid consumption patterns in relation to the metabolic needs according to Daniels and Daniels (2004). This involves evaluation of local nutrient supplies and their adequacy. In New Orleans, new restaurants have been established as well as new and improved types of foods such as praline, red beans and rice. The Foods Policy Advisory Committee has been established by the City Council of New Orleans to study access to health food access and reduce disparities experienced in accessing healthy food. Other issues such as problems related to tissue integrity, gastrointestinal system, fluid balance and host defense are also identified through this pattern. Elimination is a pattern where data collection focuses on patterns of excretion (Sonoma, nd). In New Orleans excretory problems including diarrhea and constipation were experienced due to disparities in food access after the hurricanes. Data collection is done annually by researchers in the health sector to establish changes in food consumption in New Orleans.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS on THE SHAWL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRITICAL ANALYSIS on THE SHAWL - Essay Example As the story develops, the reader is compelled to ask several questions. How does Rosa tolerate the sight of her daughter in pain? Why did Rosa think that her daughter would die very soon? What is the significance of â€Å"the shawl† in the eyes of the narrator? While attempting to answer these questions, one will learn that Rosa is obsessed with her past. The description of her situation at the start of the story explains why her daughter, Magda, is suffering and why Rosa cannot be of any help to her own child. They are all captives of the concentration camp, cold, exhausted and starved. They live in â€Å"a place without pity† where even struggling to acquire the basic necessities can cause them death penalty. Being only fifteen months old, her daughter was not getting the nourishment she needed from her mother. She struggles to suck milk from her mother’s breast but gets nothing in return except the feel of the dry and cracked surface. She eventually takes ple asure in suckling on her mother’s shawl which tastes like cinnamon and almond. ... In the story, the reader finds several instances where the narrator vividly conveys the unspeakable atrocities that occurred in the concentration camp. The sights and the smells of terror are muddled up together in â€Å"the coldness of hell†: Stella, cold, cold, the coldness of hell. How they walked on the roads together, Rosa with Magda curled up between sore breasts, Magda wound up the shawl. Sometimes Stella carried Magda. But she was jealous of Magda. A thin girl of fourteen, too small, with thin breasts of her own, Stella wanted to be wrapped in a shawl, hidden away, asleep, rocked by the march, a baby, a round infant in arms. Stella’s desire for the baby’s shawl leads to Magda’s death. Ozick’s abundant use of symbolism allows the reader to envision the setting. She refers to the baby as angel throughout the novel; "smooth feathers of hair nearly as yellow as the Star sewn into Rosa's coat" and as "someone who is already a floating angel". Whe n her shawl is taken away from her by Stella, Magda suddenly begins to cry and wobbles out into the yard where she is picked up by a guard and thrown on the electrified fence to meet her death. The story reaches its climax through the flat character, Stella, who remains cold and cruel till the end because, being a child herself, she does not recognize the sentiments of the others, except satisfying her own need. Cynthia Ozick uses figurative language masterfully in her work The Shawl. She believes that such language is critical for literature understanding. The story is noteworthy because of its meticulous control over the view point. It requires great attention, as the details appear to be filtered through the

Parliament between 1603-1629 Essay Example for Free

Parliament between 1603-1629 Essay The period 1603-1629 is perhaps better divided into two distinct sections 1603-1625 (reign of James I) and 1625-1629 (reign of Charles I) since these two monarchs had fairly different approaches to foreign policy, which in turn determined how Parliament responded to them. James I brought a peaceable approach to foreign policy, hoping to establish a reputation for himself as a mediator within Europe. One of his first actions as monarch was to negotiate peace with Spain in the Treaty of London in 1604. This was unpopular with Parliament for several reasons, the main one being that as Protestants many members of parliament were opposed to peace with Catholic Spain for religious reasons. However, with regards parliament, peace did have the benefit of saving a great deal of money which would have had to be raised by Parliament, and relations between parliament and James remained fairly constant over the next few years. James next major action with regards foreign policy was to support a Protestant successor to the Duke of Cleves-Julich in 1609, even to the extent of committing several thousand troops to the cause. This action undoubtedly gained Parliaments support, as did the marriage in 1613 of James daughter Elizabeth to the Protestant Frederick V of the Palatinate. Throughout these early years of James reign, his foreign policy did not seem to have a detrimental effect on his relations with Parliament indeed, his later actions in this period even served to improve his relations with Parliament. And although there were some disagreements between James and Parliament during this time, they were due to finance issues and not foreign policy. After this time, however, relations between monarch and Parliament began to sour, and one of the key factors in this breakdown of relations was the foreign policy pursued by James from 1614 onwards. From this time, James attempted to negotiate marriage first for his eldest son and then, after his death, for his heir and second son Charles with the Catholic Spanish infanta. This was deeply unpopular with most MPs, as they feared the influence a Catholic Queen of England would have on the continuing reformation of the Protestant church, and desired a foreign policy more hostile to Spain than any previous policy of James. The situation worsened as James first had the very popular Sir Walter Raleigh executed after he clashed with Spain on a trip to South America, and then as he distanced himself from the conflict between Catholics and Protestants over the Palatinate. At this point in time it appeared that relations between monarch and Parliament were very bad indeed, since James had been governing without Parliament since 1614, although this was more over disagreements about finance than anything to do with religious policy. However, when James finally did call Parliament after a seven-year gap, foreign policy became the main issue. James called Parliament in order to raise money to go to war to recover the Palatinate, an action which was widely supported. As time progressed, though, without any sign of James actually preparing for war since he was still pursuing negotiations Parliament began to demand a naval war and an end to the marriage negotiations with Spain. This angered James enough to lead him to reply that none [in the House of Commons] shall presume to meddle with anything concerning our government or deep matters of State, referring, in the main, to Parliaments rights (or not) to discuss foreign policy. This led to the Commons producing a Protestation, which claimed the right of Parliament to free speech, regardless of royal prerogative. James then dissolved Parliament and arrested several prominent MPs. Certainly, this rift had arisen mainly due to James foreign policy (although there still were other contributing factors, namely finance but also other domestic policies). However, it was not permanent as James called a final Parliament in 1624, in which he seemed to accept that he would have to go to war with Spain, especially since both his son Charles and his favourite, Buckingham, were now joining Parliament in asking for war, due to the breakdown of marriage negotiations. Parliament voted subsidies although they were insufficient for James to wage a land war and left satisfied with the situation, although no war was waged in the remainder of James lifetime (he died ten months after dissolving Parliament). So, when James died in 1625, it seemed that towards the end of his reign his foreign policies had been responsible for souring relations with Parliament, although it is worth noting that the resolutions of the final Parliament (if not fulfilled) had gone some way to repairing the relationship between monarch and Parliament. It also seemed as though, with the ascension of Charles I, who had openly supported war during the last years of his fathers reign, relations with Parliament would be improved. However, although Charles came to the throne full of plans for a war with Spain, Parliament only voted i 250,000 for a sea war and were unsure about the other plans made by Charles and Buckingham costing around i 2 million. These plans Mansfeld, the Cadiz expedition and the Isle de Rhe expedition became a series of failures, mainly due to poor training, and led to the unpopularity of both Charles and Buckingham. By 1626, relations with Parliament were very bad, and the main (although not only, since e. g. tonnage and poundage caused disputes), cause of this was foreign policy. The reluctance of Parliament to vote sufficient subsidies for war, the attacks in the House of Commons of Buckingham and the disillusion with the war caused by the failed expeditions, led to Charles dissolving Parliament in 1625. When Parliament met again the following year, Charles had married the French, Catholic, Princess, Henrietta Maria. Because of Charles need for parliamentary subsidies, he tried to reduce the MPs suspicions about pro-Catholic policies and therefore failed to carry out part of the marriage treaty. This eventually led to war with France at the same time as England was at war with Spain, a disastrous policy which caused real damage to the monarchs relationship with Parliament. Charles relations with Parliament only continued to deteriorate after this time, eventually leading to Charles pursuing Personal Rule from 1629, and the reasons for this deterioration stemmed from Charles foreign policy, mainly because of the money needed to fund the wars, for which Charles resorted to more and more desperate measures for example the forced loan, which led to greater discussion of the monarchs financial and religious policy. There is no doubt that foreign policy played a major part in the souring of relations between monarch and Parliament in the period 1603-1629. However, its influence can be seen to have increased later on in this period after Charles came to power. With James I, foreign policy did play a part in affecting his relationship with Parliament especially towards the end of his reign. However, it was his foreign policy combined with other issues particularly finance which led to a breakdown in relations in 1621. Perhaps if foreign policy had been the only issue things would not have reached such a crisis point. And, even after the breakdown occurred, the fact that James called another Parliament in 1624 showed that it was by no means permanent. In contrast, all of Charles problems and disagreements with Parliament appear to have stemmed from issues surrounding his foreign policy and the breakdown in 1629 was far more threatening to the continued existence of Parliament than any with James as monarch.

Margit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening Essay

Margit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening Kate Chopin created Edna Pontellier, but neither the character nor her creator was divorced from the world in which Chopin lived. As a means to understand the choices Chopin gave Edna, Margit Stange evaluates The Awakening in the context of the feminist ideology of the late nineteenth century. Specifically, she argues that Edna is seeking what Chopin’s contemporaries denoted self-ownership, a notion that pivoted on sexual choice and â€Å"voluntary motherhood† (276). Stange makes a series of meaningful connections between Kate Chopin’s dramatization of Edna Pontellier’s â€Å"awakening† and the historical context of feminist thought that Stange believes influenced the novel. For example, she equates Edna’s quest for financial independence with the late nineteenth century’s Married Women’s Property Acts, which sought to give married women greater control over their property and earnings. Ultimately, Stange believes, Edna’s awakening, her acquisition of self-determination, comes from identifying and re-distributing what she owns, which Stange argues is her body, much as contemporary feminist thinkers discussed what she calls women’s â€Å"sexual exchange value† (281). Additional references to reformers such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, as well as the legal standards of femme seule and femme couverte buttress Stange’s position that Edna’s experiences are a reflection of historical reality, even if some of the equations are a bit rough. Chopin, Stange notes, is careful to separate Edna the wife from Edna the woman – â€Å"Mrs. Pontellier† becomes â€Å"Edna† in the text, and then â€Å"Mrs. Pontellier† once more when her sense of self-ownership again seems lost. Chopin... ...alls a â€Å"moment of extreme maternal giving,† Stanton argued for women’s right to a public voice because â€Å"‘alone [woman] goes to the gates of death to give life to every man that is born into the world; no one can share her fears, no one can mitigate her pangs; and if her sorrow is greater than she can bear, alone she passes beyond the gates into the vast unknown’† (289). Chopin may have had a clearer grasp of the immense hold of the rhetoric of motherhood than Stange acknowledges. Edna at â€Å"the gates of death† may be a woman caught in an evolving conception of self-ownership, burdened by the sorrow of realizing that she can only really own what she no longer wants, because what she does want is yet beyond her grasp. Edna’s trap is indeed a historical reflection, a comment on the tumultuous, even violent, evolution of ideologies, expectations, choices, and realities.

Encyclopedic System of Herbert Spencer

The most extreme reflection of nineteenth-century individualism is to be found in the encyclopedic system of Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). Both his paternal and maternal ancestors were of a long English and French nonconformists, dissenters and rebels, and Spencer traces in his â€Å"Autobiography† his â€Å"conspicuous disregard† of political, religious, and social authority to the tradition of independence and dissent so long cherished by his family. Spencer†s education was informal, unconventional, and highly deficient in the more traditional studies of literature and history. His father encouraged his interest in the science and tecnology, and Spencer became an engineer. However, he practiced his profession for a few years, because he became increasingly interested in political economy, sociology, biology, and philosophy. He was a subeditor of The economist from 1848 to 1853, and then ventured into a full-time career as a free-lance author. As early as 1842 Spencer contributed to the Nonconformist a series of letters called The Proper Sphere of Government, his first major publication. It contains his political philosophy of extreme individualism and Laissez Faire, which was not much modified in his writings in the following sixty years. Spencer expresses in The Proper Sphere of Government his belief that â€Å"everything in nature has its laws,† organic as well as inorganic matter. Man is subject to laws bot in his physical and spiritual essence, and â€Å"as with man individually, so with man socially. † Concerning the evils of society, Spencer postulates a â€Å"self-adjusting principle† under which evils rectify themselves, provided that no one interferes with the inherent law of society. In discussing the functions of the state, Spencer is concerned with what the state should not do, rather than what it should do. Maintenance of order and administration of justice are the only two proper realms of government activity, and their purpose is â€Å"simply to defend the natural rights of man to protect person and property. † The state has no business to promote religion, regulate trade and commerce, encourage colonization, aid the poor, or enforce sanitary laws. Spencer went even so far as to deny the state the right to wage war; but as he says in his Autobiography, his â€Å"youthful enthusiasm of two-and twenty† had carried him too far in this respect. Viewing the nature of the state in evolutionary terms, Spencer is little interested in forms of government, such as the traditional distinctions of monarchies, aristocracies, and democracies. The two main forms of the state and society, according to Spencer, are the military state and the industrial state. The military state is the early form of social organization, primitive, barbarian, and geared to permanent readiness for war. The individual is no more than a means to an end set by the state: victory in war. Society is firmly organized, and every individual occupies the place assigned to him by the exigencies of militarism and authoritarian government. Status is the characteristic principle of the military society, and there is little mobility between classes and groups. Spencer defines the military state as one in which the army is the nation mobilized while the nation is the quiescent army. Showing unusual foresight long before total war was a reality, Spencer understood the impact of war on society as a whole, although his analysis of the military state refers to an early stage of society, it anticipates with remarkable accuracy the developments of the twentieth century. In the military state, Spencer says, the military chief is likely to be the political leader, and the economic activities of the industrial classes are oriented to the military needs of the state. There is massive corporation in a military state, but it is enforced and involuntary. Because the security of the state is the primary objective of all public actions. As the military state expands its territory and achieves stability over a long period of time, it gradually evolves into the industrial type of state and society. The way of life in the industrial state and society is based on voluntary cooperation, and the tendency is toward gradual elimination of elimination of coercion in all forms. Diversity, variety, and nonconformity characterize the industrial society with its emphasis on the value of the individual as the supreme end of government. The purpose of the industrial society is to assure the maximum liberty and happiness of its members, whereas the purpose of the military society is to increase its power by â€Å"rigid regimentation at home and imperialists conquest abroad. † In relation with other nations, the industrial society is pacific, eager to exchange the products of labor rather than to acquire wealth by force. As Spencer explains the members of the industrial society are therefore antimilitarist, anti-imperialist, cosmopolitan, and humanitarian. Free trade within and between nations is the formula of the industrial society, whereas economic nationalism is the ideal of the military state. In 1884 Spencer published four essays in the Contemporary Review, which were assembled in a book under the title, The Man Versus the State. It is his most famous work on politics and it is still the most influential statement of the Laissez Faire. In the first essay, â€Å"The New Tories,† Spencer attacks the English Liberals for abandoning their historical individualism in favor of social reform and the welfare state. According to Spencer, English Conservatives, like any conservative party, are the historical descendants of the principles of the military state, whereas the English Liberals, like liberals generally are the descendants of the industrial society. Moreover, Spencer also noticed that economic individualism, abandoned by Liberals, was more and more adopted by Conservatives, so that the roles of both parties came to be the opposite of what they had originally been. Therefore, the English Conservative would become the party of economic individualism and free enterprise, whereas the Liberals would accept public control of the economy. The second essay is â€Å"The Coming Slavery. † In it, Spencer refocus on the necessity that the laws of the society must not be interfered with the beneficent process of the survival of the fittest, and that interference with natural selection lowers the standards of society as a whole. Spencer stresses â€Å"on the official regulations to increase in a geometrical ratio to the power of resistance of the regulated citizens. † People get more and more accustomed to the idea that the state will take care of them, and therefore, they lose the spirit of initiative and enterprise. Spencer predicted that social-welfare programs would lead to socialization of the means of production, and â€Å"all socialism is slavery. † Spencer defines a slave as a person who â€Å"labors under coercion to satisfy another†s desires. † Under socialism or communism the individual would be enslaved to the whole community rather than to a single master. In his third essay, â€Å"The Sins of Legislators,† Spencer rejects the spread of government activity in social and economic areas. Progress is the result of the desire to increase personal welfare, and not the product of governmental regulation: â€Å"It is not the state that owe the multitudinous useful inventions from the spade to the telephone; it was not the state which made the discoveries in physics, chemistry, and the rest, which guide modern manufactures; it was not the state which devised the machinery for producing fabrics of every kind, for transferring men and things from place to place, and for ministering in a thousand ways to our comforts. † Spencer charges legislators with confusing â€Å"family ethics† with â€Å"state ethics. In the family, benefits received have little or no relation to merit. In the state, the ruling principle ought to be justice; therefore the relation between benefits and merits should be proportional. Spencer explains that the intrusion of family ethics into state ethics is a dangerous interference with the laws of nature and society, and slowly followed by fatal results. The last essay is â€Å"the Great Political Superstition. † In which Spencer says that the great political superstition of the past, was the divine right of kings. Whereas, in the present it is the divine right of parliaments. He attacks the doctrine of sovereignty as propounded by Hobbes and rejects the claim of â€Å"popular majorities for unlimited authority as being inconsistent with the inalienable rights of the individual. † Spencer concludes his book with the final reminder that government is not a divine institution but a committee of management, and that it has no intrinsic authority beyond the ethical sanction bestowed on it by the free consent of the citizens: † The function of Liberalism in the past was that of putting a limit to the powers of the king. The functions of true Liberalism in the future will be that of putting a limit to the powers of parliaments. † Spencer†s political ideas hardly changed between 1842, when he published his Proper Sphere of Government, and 1903, the year of his death. The constancy of his political thought in the face of rapidly changing social and economic scene explains why the same ideas that were the last word in radical individualism in the eighteen-forties had become the orthodox conservatism by 1900. And Spencer†s appeal to the English Liberals to return to their original individualism remained unheard, but he correctly foresaw that Conservatives would become the defenders of economic individualism. Spencer failed to see that the issue of the state intervention in the economy was essentially one of means and not of objectives, and that Laissez Faire could be progressive, dynamic, and revolutionary at one time –early 19 century-, and conservative, stagnant, and sterile at another time – late 19 century-.

Does Technology Always Improve Quality of Life Essay

In today’s globalised and modernised world, advancement in old technology resulted in modern technology and many discoveries have been made and quality of life of the people have improved as a result of availability of modern technology. Undoubtedly, modern technology has became a crucial and prominent aspects of our life. Although it has led to complications, it is actually reasonable to say that modern technology has very much improved the quality of life of people. Thus, I opine that modern technology does sometimes improve quality of life. Firstly, modern technology has improve quality of life through the improvement of healthcare services. Researches and development in the healthcare sector of society are conducted to find ways to make further improve quality of life. With the help of modern technology, for example, many different types of drugs and vaccines have been created and developed for disease prevention. The American medical announced that it is possible to vaccinate against brain cancer and perhaps more cancers can be vaccinated in a similar way. The chances of people contracting various illnesses are slim and thus, they live a healthier life. Some surgical procedures that were deemed extreme and dangerous in the past were made easier with modern surgical technology and the chances of succeeding was almost for sure, and one example is heart transplant. Hence, modern technology has lower the chances of us falling sick and increased the chances of recovering. Considering how modern technology has raise and increase life expectancy, allowing people to live healthier lives than before, it has proven to improve quality of life adversely for many people. Secondly, modern technology has improved transport and communication. In many countries, international trade is very important, as no one country can be self-sufficient in providing goods and services. This is especially so for a country like Singapore whereby we do not have a lot of natural resources and thus, our dependence on trade is large. Trade is heavily linked with transport and communication technology as they are vital for trade operations. For example, as a trading hub, Singapore has utilised modern technology to built cargo transportation cranes and in addition, communications between cargo ships and PSA improved and also position locating have became more accurate with the availability of modern technology. Hence more goods and services can be obtained and the people have more choices to consumed from, and they will be able to choice whatever is best for themselves, improving the quality of life. Thirdly, modern technology has increase productivity and made life easier for people as modern tools of production and industrialisation created by modern technology have enabled many countries to enjoy economical growth and create more wealth for the people and consequently creating better live for the citizens. For example, robots are used by many firms in Japan’s packing industries instead of human labour, and this robots such as the RF87 tokyo, are able to produce more output in a shorter period of time compared to human labour. This bring about increase productivity and consequently allowing success for the firms, and economic growth for the nation. Modern technology has also increase our access to information. Now, information technology is so advanced that we are able to find almost any kinds of information on the Internet just by typing certain key words in the search engines. With the increased efficiency and access to knowledge, society is able to identify opportunities for economic growth and with economic growth, quality of people’s lives can be improved. Furthermore, improving communication improves quality of life as information can be disseminated to everyone easily. Natural disasters in a certain country can be made known to the world almost immediately, thus allowing help to be provided quickly. For example, the earthquake that struck Haiti few years back was immediately reported to the rest of the world and countries like singapore were able to provide aid swiftly, so as to improve the quality of life of the victims. The needs of the people are catered to with the availability of modern technology, and has improve quality of life. Lastly, modern technology relieves global hunger. In the world, there are many people living in countries where they are faced with problems of lack of food, which may lead to starvation. This is especially so in developing countries where they are economically not stable and are not able to provide sufficiently for the people. Hence, with modern technology, for example, genetically modified food was developed whereby seeds of crops are injected with certain substances so as to develop traits that are favourable for a specific climate so as for the crop to grow well. Bacillus Thuringiensis(BT) bacteria is injected into corns to increase its resistivity to pests, and allowing them to grow in warmer environment. This allows more crops to be harvested. This is especially useful in third world countries such as Ethiopia whereby they live in regions that experience unpredictable climate, increasing food supply for the people, allowing them to stay nourished. Being more nourished, people will be less prone to falling sick as their daily nutritional requirements are met. Thus, they would live more healthy lives, improving their quality of life. Some people may argue that some of the certain substance used in the foods may cause allergic reactions to occur as some people maybe allergic to the substances. This may in turn lead to health problems, lowering quality of life. However, the efforts of developing GM food has largely improved the problem of hunger around the world, and as for the problem of allergies, this only affects very little amount of people, which can be solved for further advancement with technology. Hence, modern technology has improved quality of life’s. Modern technology does not always improve people’s quality of life, however, the benefits that modern technology has brought upon us greatly outweighs the limitations it carries. In our quest for development, we have no choice but to depend on and embrace modern technology, as the solutions for many problems in the world is dependant on modern technology. Modern technology has radically change the way we live and modern life will be greatly disrupted with technology.

Martin Luther essays

Martin Luther essays Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany, the son of Hans Luther, who worked in the copper mines, and his wife Margarethe. He went to school at Magdeburg and Eisenach, and entered the University of Erfurt in 1501, graduating with a BA in 1502 and an MA in 1505. His father wished him to be a lawyer, but Luther was drawn to the study of the Scriptures, and spent three years in the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt. In 1507 he was ordained a priest, and went to the University of Wittenberg, where he lectured on philosophy and the Scriptures, becoming a powerful and influential preacher. Luther began his career as an Augustinian Monk in the Roman Catholic Church. Consequently, Luther was initially loyal to the papacy, and even after many theological conflicts, he attempted to bring about his reconciliation with the Church. But this didn't last long because Luther waged battle with the papacy. On a mission to Rome in 151011 he was appalled by the corruption he found there. Money was greatly needed at the time for the rebuilding of St Peter's, and papal emissaries sought everywhere to raise funds by the sale of indulgences. The system was grossly abused, and Luther's indignation at the shameless traffic, carried on in particular by the Dominican Johann Tetzel, became irrepressible. As professor of biblical exegesis at Wittenberg (151246), he began to preach the doctrine of salvation by faith rather than works; and on 31 October 1517 drew up a list of 95 theses on indulgences denying the pope any right to forgive sins, and nailed them on the church door at Wittenberg. Tetzel retreated from Saxony to Frankfurt-an-der-Oder, where he published a set of counter-theses and burnt Luther's. It is usually considered to be the original document of the Reformation. Basically, this document exposed all the wrongs of the Catholic Church from indulgences to immoral behavior of priests. The Wittenberg students retaliated by burning Tetzel's, an...

Essay on Transsexualism

Essay on Transsexualism Essay on Transsexualism This is a free sample essay on Transsexualism: In 1952, few Americans were familiar with the concept of transsexualism. It was difficult to understand or acknowledge that gender was not synonymous with sex; that is, most people believed that the anatomy with which a child was born would indisputably influence his or her behavior, disposition, career choices, tastes and sexual preferences in one of two ways: male, or female. It was in that year that Christine Jorgensen was born. Christine Jorgensen was in fact a pseudonym for a 26 year old ex-GI from the Bronx named George. Since childhood Jorgensen had been haunted by his place in the sexual binary system, pulled like a magnet to a female identity despite his male genitals. He had finally decided to seek sex-reassignment surgery, an operation that was not available in America but was crudely performed by some doctors in Denmark (Brown et. al). Eventually details of Jorgensens surgery were leaked to reporters and the Daily News screamed EX-GI BECOMES BLONDE BOMBSHELL one quiet morning in December, propelling America into a frenzy of shock, outrage, and curiosity. Some people even saw the fact and publicity of such an event as an important landmark in the destruction of all moral and societal good. What most Americans and other Western citizens didnt know was that a rich history of transsexualism, transgenderism and/or gender variation had been alive and celebrated in many Non-Western societies for innumerabl e years. The Two-Spirited people of the various American Indian tribes and pre-contact south- and central-Americans are arguably the most interesting example of unique transgenderal customs, beliefs, and societal significance. Two-Spirited people, first written about in Western literature in the late sixteenth-century, were called bardaja or berdaches by European missionaries (Trexler). These words indicated a receptive role in sodomy and derived from the Persian bardah prisoner or kept boy. Despite evidence that some berdaches did provide homo-sexual services for warriors in central American tribes and the apparent frequency with which they took same-sex lovers, these individuals played a primarily gender-based, rather than sexual, role. In some cases this gender role was functional, such as in the incidences of female-born children being raised as boys to facilitate a fathers hunting in the Inuit subsistence based economies. Similarly, in families whose children had all been born male, a child in present-day Colombia may have been given a female gender to fill the role of fathers servant or caretaker of a sick mother. Generally these individuals would retain their given-gender for the rest of their live s (Trexler). It is important to realize, however, that in most indigenous cultures, the child raised Two-Spirit was not simply raised in the opposite gender role, but as a combination of the two, as notes Roscoe in The Zuni Man-Woman: [A] male lhamana would take on roles that not only included male occupational status such as farmer, weaver, shaman and story-teller, but potter and housekeeper as well, which were female roles (126). On the other hand, the majority of research on Two-Spirited people has revealed a gender role that is more spiritual than functional. In stark contrast to Europeans, indigenous Americans did not generally view the existence of a third gender as an abnormal phenomenon, but instead as a unique blend of male and female that comes with a heightened spirituality. In quite a number of tribes, such as the Navajo, parents would recognize a child that was to become a man-woman or woman-man by the way he or she acted while very young (Goulet). In the cultures of the Plains and the Prairies, as well as in parts of California and the Northeast, the choice to become a Two-Spirit was preceded by a vision or a dream, which both explained and legitimized their choice to become a gender other than woman or man (Lang, 95). In still other cultures, for example the Canadian Dene-Tha, children are gendered according to a complex system of cross-sex reincarnation beliefs (Lang, 95). Often these reasons fo r gender variance are not exclusive, i.e., a male may express a predisposition for traditionally female chores while young and later experience a spiritual instruction to become a woman, or vice-versa. Regardless of the reason for gender variance among Two-Spirited people, their dual-genders are a natural part of the Native American cultural world view that emphasize[s] and appreciate[s] transformation and change (Lang, 93). Native Americans are expected to go through many changes in a lifetime. The Navajo Ndleehà ©Ãƒ ©, in fact, means someone who is in a constant process of change (Lang, 97). ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to order a custom written essay on Transsexualism from our professional essay writing service.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 75

Case Study Example In making sure, that their products gets well and be recognized worldwide with an aspect of reaching remote area, the company requires using cloud computing as a tool for marketing their products at large. The introduction of Apple iPhone and iPad products and Android smart phones (Trippy) are the best example of electronics devices that makes use of cloud technology in that with the access of internet on your device, you will be able to get hold of various contents on the web. In consideration of online web content and the aspect of cloud technology based on the online publication, Lonely Planet is required to unveil all of its publications into PDF files for other device be able to open it anywhere easily. However, analyzing the marketing channel conflicts, the issue of going online with its contents is expensive and requires special attention in terms of content update, changes on the web hosting articulations and the customer’s preferences since not all customers around the globe will be able to have this digital devices. However, engaging into digital travelling guide, Lonely Planet Company requires to adopt the strategic plans of using Google mapping to enable their customers specifically tap in the location to where they are going. This will help to resolve the issue of unnecessary pages that the customer do not requires at

Astronomy assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Astronomy assignment 2 - Essay Example 1. Mass transfer or overflow – a process that could have occurred in a close binary system where one high-mass star beginning the end of its life expands and sheds off its outer gas to the other, originally a low-mass star, as a result of the latter’s gravitational pull. The originally low-mass star grows in size and becomes a high-mass star (Heggie & Hut 2003). Thus, Blue Stragglers have live longer than the usual high-mass star. 2. Collision theory – Collision could occur between single-binary or binary-binary stars encounters in a cluster which will produce a single body which will have a mass twice or more than that of the turn-off mass (Heggie & Hut2003. Bennett, Jeffrey and Megan Donahue, Nicholas Schneider and Mark Voit. The Cosmic Perspective, Fifth Edition. http://www.coursesmart.com/mycoursesmart?page=0&__myxmlid=9780321542632#X2ludGVybmFsX0Jvb2tJbmZvQWpheFBhbmVsP3BhZ2U9JnhtbGlkPTk3ODAzMjE1NDI2MzI= , pp 536, 566,

Communism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communism - Essay Example Mixed results can also be found in one of our large trading partners, Chile. Until the beginning of the 20th century Cuba had been a Spanish Colony. Cuba was formally granted independence in 1903 and throughout the century Cuba fell under a series of radical and often corrupt regimes. In the 1950s Batista ruled Cuba with a strong dictatorship under the influence of Mafia corruption. Opposition to the Batista regime resulted in the overthrow of the government by Castro backed forces. Castro increasingly turned to communism as an ideology. Today, the per capita income is $3,000 per year, largely restricted by reduced trade opportunities ("Background Note: Cuba") Castro's popularity was severely tested by the aftermath of the Soviet collapse, which led to a cutoff in aid, the loss of a guaranteed export market for Cuban sugar and the loss of a source of cheap imported oil. Conditions in Cuba are indicated when Mantilla reports, " [...] a home with a washer and dryer would be a very rare home indeed". In Cuba, however, these events were not sufficient to persuade Cuban Communists that they should voluntarily give up power. General Pinochet Ugarte was head of the military council that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, which took control in a violent coup that overthrew the Socialist President Salvador Allende.

Fragile X Syndrome Case Study Health And Social Care Essay

Fragile X Syndrome Case Study Health And Social Care Essay From seven years old, Michaels speech was still rather incoherent, he spoke very quickly and under his breath and didnt make much eye contact. Only up until the last couple of years his speech has improved and is much clearer, although he still tends to perseverate and get stuck on a subject and repeat the same thing over and over. Michael has a sister 2 years older and in 1992 they were both referred to the genetics clinic in the Royal Childrens Hospital by our pediatrician as they both presented with significant developmental delays and the doctor suspected some genetic condition may be at the root of the problem. Tests were performed, even an X-ray on Michaels head as they noted he had rather dysmorphic features, but nothing proved positive and there was no known reason for their problems. ______________________________________________________________________________The patient presented in the above case study is a classic case of Fragile X-Syndrome, the most frequent cause of inherited mental retardation. Patients presenting with this syndrome are affected in various facets of functioning, including intellect, emotion, behavior, and physical characteristics. The cause of the syndrome involves the expansion of a single trinucleotide gene sequence on the X chromosome. Other disorders that are placed in this category include Huntingtons Disease, Kennedy Disease, Dentatorubralpallidoluysian atrophy, and Friedrichs ataxia. This consequently results in the failure to express a protein that is required for normal neural development, and coded by the FMR1 gene. Because it is an X-linked disorder, cases are seen in all carrier males and in 35% of carrier females. Because of the subtle nature of signs of the syndrome and difficulty in diagnosis, all children with mental retard ation should be tested for Fragile X syndrome and family members are advised to undergo genetic counseling in order to decrease the recurrence of Fragile X in the family. Etiology The abnormality of the chromosome presented in Fragile X syndrome is found on the Xq27.3 site and commonly used as a diagnostic marker for the syndrome [1]. In most cases, the expansion of the single trinucleotide gene sequence includes 50 to 200 CGG repeats at the site and these repeats are passed down from generation to generation [1]. In comparison, the number Mathew 2 of repeats in a normal individual is between 6 and 50. Due to the increasing expansion of the trinucleotide gene sequence, there is methylation of the DNA which in turn silences the FMR1 protein [3]. FMRP plays important roles in learning and memory, and also appears to be involved in development of axons, formation of synapses, and the wiring and development of neural circuits. Diagnosis Because there is no clinical diagnostic criteria, scoring systems have been developed to select individuals for Fragile X Syndrome [4]. It can also be diagnosed using molecular genetics testing of the FMR1 gene. One method of diagnosis is based on chromosomal study to present the chromosome under special folic acid deficient culture conditions [3]. There are two different types of molecular DNA tests. The screening tests are polymerase chain reaction based. Additionally, they need to be confirmed using Southern blot hybridization [5]. It is important to diagnose affected patients as early as possible to provide early intervention and supportive care (i.e., specific developmental therapy and an individualized education plan) and to inform parents for further family planning [4]. One half of families in a 2002 survey reported having an additional child with fragile X syndrome before the older affected child was diagnosed [4]. Family history collection should include questions about other family members, with particular attention to developmental delay, mental retardation, and psychiatric disorders [4]. In addition, a family history of women with premature ovarian failure and men with FXTAS should be ascertained. A positive family history in a proband with developmental delay should prompt consideration of genetic testing of the FMR1 gene [4]. The American College of Medical Genetics recommends testing, regardless of family history, for all males and females with mental retardation of unknown etiology [4]. Therapy/Treatment Treatment is supportive, requiring a multidisciplinary team and including anxiety-reducing measures, behavior modification, and medications to manage associated psychiatric disorders. Individual education plans are necessary for school-age children [2]. Although several Mathew 3 medications have been proposed to treat fragile X syndrome, none of them are supported by ]good evidence [2]. While there is no current cure for the syndrome, there is hope that further understanding of its underlying causes would lead to new therapies. Currently, the syndrome can be treated through behavioral therapy, special education, and when necessary, treatment of physical abnormalities [2]. Persons with the fragile X syndrome in their family histories are advised to seek genetic counseling, to assess the likelihood of having children who are affected, and how severe any impairments may be in affected descendants [2]. The Fragile X syndrome been the subject of numerous studies, and recent investigations have addressed the question of whether this disorder is amenable to either prenatal diagnosis or to treatment with folic acid [3]. In a previous study, the effect of oral folic acid therapy (10 mg/day) in a blind study of 14-year-old monozygous twins with the fragile X syndrome was examined [3]. They reported on eight patients with psychotic-like symptoms. Seven were improved by therapy with I M 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (folinic acid) at doses of 0.5 mg/kg body weight for a period of a few weeks [3]. Three patients had an almost total recovery from psychotic-like symptoms [3]. One 14-year-old boy who was severely hypotonic and disinterested in his environment became responsive and able to sit and crawl after 2 months of therapy with folic acid in doses of 1 mg/kg day [3]. Harpey also reported some success with therapy with intramuscular folinic acid and hydroxocobalamin by mouth [3]. In a recent re port, a male fetus was diagnosed as having fragile X and the mother was started on a regime of folic acid 2 mg/day [3]. After delivery, the baby was treated with 1 mg/day of folic acid. On evaluation at 6 weeks of age, the baby was described as having a dolicocephalic head, long ears, a flattened malar area, enlarged testes, and a high frequency of fragile X chromosomes (20/60 cells). Two studies attempted controlled trials of folate in the fragile X syndrome, and one of these has been reported in some detail [3]. Brown conducted a double-blind crossover study in which two brothers with the fragile X syndrome were treated with either intravenous folic acid (1.6 mg/kg daily as a single dose) or saline placebo for 8 days [3]. Following the controlled trial, the brothers were maintained on 10 mg/day of oral folic acid for 3 weeks. Over 6 weeks, the dose was increased to 500 mg/day for the younger brother and 1,000 mg/day for the older brother, and then both Mathew 4 brothers were maintained on 1,000 mg/day from 1 month to 5 months after the onset of the study [3]. Because this disorder is a very common cause of familial mental retardation, and because of the in vitro effect of folate in decreasing expression of the fragile site, one may be tempted to attempt folate therapy in these patients. However, two studies to date have failed to demonstrate any abnormality of folate metabolism in cultured cells from patients with the fragile X syndrome [5]. Therefore, we urge continued caution in the expectation of beneficial results and advise against routine use of folate therapy in patients with established mental retardation and the fragile X syndrome [5]. Because there is no cure for Fragile X syndrome, the hope is that future investigations into the underlying causes that will further lead to new therapies.

Dolomite and Peaty Wheat Straw Essay -- Film, Race

I have seen many from Dolomite and Peaty Wheat Straw by Rudy Ray Moore, Willy Dynamite starring Roscoe Orman, and The Mack Starring Max Julien and so on. The way these actors portrayed the characters of Willy Dynamite, Dolomite, and Goldie the way the talked the jive the way they walked the walk more than likely set the black race back by decades. Grabbing there groins and having a glide in their stride, wearing big hats, capes, and over exaggerated gestures help create stereotypes and threadbare ideals of the black race that are prevalent even today. In 1987, Robert Townsend wrote, starred, and directed a behind the scenes parody of those types of movies called Hollywood Shuffle, while on one hand Townsend is exhibiting his blackness by pointing out the obvious bias behavior of the white studios but also exhibiting the talent and recognition seeking of the black actor. Townsend’s almost biographical parody of movies, television shows not only his range as an actor but also h is since of humor of the angst of being an actor chosen solely for the color of your skin. Robert Townsend through situational and dramatic irony and by exhibiting how the white ideals shape the identity and description of what is black and how Hollywood has warped it. Robert Townsend plays Bobby Taylor a struggling young man actor who is with a healthy imagination and a dream of becoming a serious actor. Bobby family reluctantly supports him in his endeavors but his mother, and grandmother played by Starletta DuPois and Helen Martin secretly pass judgment on his chosen career path while his co-worker Donald and Tiny at the Winky-Dinky Dog played by co writer Keenan Ivory Wayans and Lou B. Washington openly mocks his dream. Crushed are Bobby dreams of playi... ...ood Shuffle" And "I'm Gonna Git You Sucka." Cinema Journal 38.3 (1999): 50-66. JSTOR Arts & Sciences III. Web. 3 Dec. 2011. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Mask. New York: Grove, 1967. Print. Grant, William R. Post-soul Black Cinema: Discontinuities, Innovations, and Breakpoints, 1970-1995. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print. Harrison, C. "W.J.T. Mitchell, What Do Pictures Want? Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. 380 Pp., 16 Col. Plates, 84 Halftones, 10 Line Drawings. Hardback $35, 24.50 ISBN 0-226-53245-3." Journal of Visual Culture 6.1 (2007): 160-63. Print. "The Souls of Black Folk Study Guide - W. E. B. Du Bois - ENotes.com." ENotes - Literature Study Guides, Lesson Plans, and More. Web. 03 Dec. 2011. . Tourà ©. Who's Afraid of Post-blackness?: What It Means to Be Black Now. New York: Free, 2011. Print.